Dramatugry Statement of "Angels In America"
In a dramaturg's view in the production of Angels in America is to understand the impact of the struggle of 1980s. America was low on its feet, where Gerald Ford and Jimmy Carter tried to America afetr Vietnam and Nixon with Watergate, but it never happened. This is one of the strangest plays that have ever been produced, where it carries material that many would notice as viewing the play. The play is unique and interesting to the fact that it involves with material that we still have today, but that it isn't as bad as it was back then, where it was unknown. This script seems to describe how the 1980s was and how the gays felted and how they were treated. Learning later that being gay and AIDS would be subject of the 1980s, where everyone thought that gays were the caused of AIDS.
It takes place in mid 1980s from 1985-1986 in New York City with a few scenes in Salt Lake City, Moscow and an airliner flying to San Francisco, along with others in Heaven, Hell, dream sequences and places imagined by the characters. It was decade of surviving from all of the aspects of terror that was affecting everyone in the world. HIV known AIDS was the subject of the 1980s, where it was an unknown disease until famous actor Rock Hudson died from the disease and Gia Carangi, being the first famous female to die from the disease. The unknown disease would take the lives of many, where it would not be known until the Hudson's and Carangi's death that AIDS would be factor and that it was struggle and there would be many activists like Ryan White and many others. There was no such thing as being gay until the 1980s, where they were many gay pride parades and they were nonaccepted. New York City were trying to shut down the groups of gays that were living in the area just to decrease the numbers of gays, but it was too late as the STDS was growing and many of them were dying, where it would take for a possible treatment from the disease. Anti-gay organizations were growing, where they were blaming gays for the spearding of AIDS and often referred it as the "Gay Disease". Homosexuailty was one of the new themes that America was enduring and that in the script of Angels In MAerica, it is one of the main topics of life involing Roy, Prior, Louis, and the other characters. Not many new what homosexuality was, because it was all about man and woman throughout life, but the 1980s change all of that, where they were hated by many and that AIDS was brought by them as many claimed, where no cure has been found since.
New York City was the same as usual witn Yankees still playing at Yankee Stadium trying to make the playoffs and the Mets winning championships and playing at Shea Stadium. It was still the largest city in the U.S. with Wall Street still being there, the Twin Towers were there at the time, but September 11, 2001 would destroy it. Times Square and the business that it still is today that nothing really changed in the 1985, the old cars and the new technology that was arriving lie Microsoft and the computer. Donald Trump, Leona Helmsley, and Ivan Boesky iconed the meteoric rise and fall of the rich and famous. From 1985 to 1990 the use of cocain addiction was up 35 percent, though the number of users had declined. Nancy Reagan's Just Say No campaign had great influence, where cocaine was introduced in the 1980s. Ronald Reagan declared war on drugs and was trying to get communism out of Russia andthe Berlin wall to be destroyed. The 80s continued the trends of the 60s and 70s - more divorces, more unmarrieds living together, more single parent families. Binge buying and credit became a way of life and 'Shop Til you Drop' was the way that shoppers came to the mall. The fashion world was growing as supermodeling was the topic of the 1980s also with Cyndi Lauper and her hit "Girls just want to have Fun", and Michael Jackson being the king of the 1980s. To me this was the time that the play was made and that it is about identity of the individual and the virus nown as AIDS that has been discovered. WIth this I think that the set has to be interesting and unque, where I think that it should be clearing 1985-1986 for the set to be interesting.
Who is Roy Cohn and why is this man being the subject of the play? A famous lawyer, whom had made an impact during his life and was openly gay, but he would never really admitted that he ever was. Homosexuality was supoosely the main cause that anti-gay groups were formed as they were being blamed for AIDS coming to the public surface as I would describe it. Homosexuality wasn't being accepted and the life of being gay was terrible at that time, where they were hated by everyone, because they were most liely of being affected by AIDS than a straight person. They became the blame for everyone, even Roy in the play and he is anti gay, but he is gay, which is interesting knowing by a fact that he is. Ther was alos a place known, which was a common place for gays to meet and have sex, which would be in my opinion, the most scene of the play plus the sex scene at the park. There also the drag queens that believe that they are women, but openly he is really a man and feels that he is beautiful for every male around. In the mid 1980s most of this was taled about, where the showers were closed and the people were turning on the gays and making their lives miserable.
With all of this unique information that I have covered was that 1985-1986 in AMerica was terrible and that many people were trying to save each other fro dead and hate. Ronald Reagoin did his best for Reaganomics, but that he couldn't solve the view that AIDS was killing the American people. Too many who were probably around the mid 1980s would say that it was fun, but tragic as it was going, where new disease had arrived that it makes that decade unforgettable. WIth the production, it would make the audience to never forget about the 1980s and 1985 beginning with the death of Rock Hudson, who may an impact to people of understanding about HIV. With this production it seems that adressing Reagonomics and AIDS wqas the impact of the play of learning about America coming back. Also "We Are The World", was the impact of an AIDS song throughout AMerica, written by Michael Jackson to learn about 1985-1986, where it is the "Age of AIDS".
Wednesday, August 6, 2008
Educator's Learning Guide
Dear Audience,
I am pleased to have you to witness the production of Angels in America at the University Theatre at Sam Houston State University. SHSU is presenting this production to explain about how the 1980s was in America and the impact that it caused America to improve what it is today. The 1980s was the time of struggle and surviving, where America was falling and the city of New York was struggling to survive. Then one man, who would turn President of The United States by of Ronald Reagan would change the impact of the 1980s, but the deaths would never change. We are viewing life of the 1980s, where it was time of life and death occurring throughout America.
Tony Kushner wrote the play in 1989-1990, where it would later appeared on stage in 1991, where it would change the world of theatre. It would be published in 1992, where it would win the 1993 Pulitzer Prize for Drama. It would also win two Tony Awards, two Drama Desk Awards, the Evening Standard Award, two Olivier Award Nominations, the New York Critics Circle Award, the Los Angeles Drama Critics Circle Award and the LAMBDA Liberty Award for Drama. The seven hour Two Part play would be the subject of AIDS, Reaganomics, Mormonism, homosexuality, and Jewish, which was the decade of the 80s in New York City.
Imagine of being around in the 1985, listening to Michael Jackson, Madonna , Bruce Springsteen, George Michaels, and many more. Seeing the introduction of crack cocaine, MTV, AIDS, and the economy trying to improve from the 1970s. Most of us were not around at that thing, but just imagine being in New York City, the Mets were winning and the Yankees trying to make to the playoffs, Giants winning two under Bill Parcells and the Jets being losers as in the past. AIDS was the terror of the 80s, where millions of Americans were dead involving Rock Hudson, whom was the first famous star to die from the disease. The 1980s was the struggles of life, where new diseases were existing like cancer, smoking being bad for you, STDS, religion battles, an actor being President by the name of Ronald Reagan, and many more.
Each section explains about the play known as “America In Angels”, where it will provide for the audience to give a view details of what the play is about. There will be questions to be asked for the director and production team, where we would delighted to answer questions from (you) the audience.
Please don’t hesitate to call us at the University Theatre here at Sam Houston State University if you have any questions to ask. We look forward of seeing all of you to view the first production of “Angels In America” at Sam Houston State.
Carlos Ernesto Gonzalez
Dramaturg
I am pleased to have you to witness the production of Angels in America at the University Theatre at Sam Houston State University. SHSU is presenting this production to explain about how the 1980s was in America and the impact that it caused America to improve what it is today. The 1980s was the time of struggle and surviving, where America was falling and the city of New York was struggling to survive. Then one man, who would turn President of The United States by of Ronald Reagan would change the impact of the 1980s, but the deaths would never change. We are viewing life of the 1980s, where it was time of life and death occurring throughout America.
Tony Kushner wrote the play in 1989-1990, where it would later appeared on stage in 1991, where it would change the world of theatre. It would be published in 1992, where it would win the 1993 Pulitzer Prize for Drama. It would also win two Tony Awards, two Drama Desk Awards, the Evening Standard Award, two Olivier Award Nominations, the New York Critics Circle Award, the Los Angeles Drama Critics Circle Award and the LAMBDA Liberty Award for Drama. The seven hour Two Part play would be the subject of AIDS, Reaganomics, Mormonism, homosexuality, and Jewish, which was the decade of the 80s in New York City.
Imagine of being around in the 1985, listening to Michael Jackson, Madonna , Bruce Springsteen, George Michaels, and many more. Seeing the introduction of crack cocaine, MTV, AIDS, and the economy trying to improve from the 1970s. Most of us were not around at that thing, but just imagine being in New York City, the Mets were winning and the Yankees trying to make to the playoffs, Giants winning two under Bill Parcells and the Jets being losers as in the past. AIDS was the terror of the 80s, where millions of Americans were dead involving Rock Hudson, whom was the first famous star to die from the disease. The 1980s was the struggles of life, where new diseases were existing like cancer, smoking being bad for you, STDS, religion battles, an actor being President by the name of Ronald Reagan, and many more.
Each section explains about the play known as “America In Angels”, where it will provide for the audience to give a view details of what the play is about. There will be questions to be asked for the director and production team, where we would delighted to answer questions from (you) the audience.
Please don’t hesitate to call us at the University Theatre here at Sam Houston State University if you have any questions to ask. We look forward of seeing all of you to view the first production of “Angels In America” at Sam Houston State.
Carlos Ernesto Gonzalez
Dramaturg
Tuesday, August 5, 2008
Websites
Reaganomics by William A. Niskanen
This websites explains about the impact that Reaganmics had chenged the U.S. economy in an effort to save America. It also explains about the history and shows all the details of what Reaganomics did to change America and to make the impact that Ronald Reagan knew that it could do for the world. It tells about the good and bad about the his plana nd how it had effectes the 1980s in America.
Click Here
Mormonism- Christian or Cult
This website explains about the history of Mormonism and the aspects that it carries with its beliefs with increasing rate of believing in the religion. It what is it is meant to be a Mormon and how a human being can be a Mormon and what it teaches to everyone. It answers asks if it is truthly being Christian or just a joke of a religion to understand.
Click Here
What is Aids?
This website explains about the disease and what the effects can do to you if are about to die. It also tells about what the disease is and what it do you your body if you are doing unprotected sex. It tells about the following procedures to follow if you were to contract the disease and what you can do to save your life.
Click Here
The impact of AIDS
These site shows about the timeline of the impact that AIDS had done to America and to the rest of the world that made it a dangerous and shows about the most important events of the 1980s and that it domianted the 1980s. This site also shows about what the 1980s had impact in that decade of destruction by AIDS.
Click Here
AMERICAN CULTURAL HISTORY Kingwood College Library
This website explains about the history of the 1980s from Arts to Television with fashion and events that change the 1980s. This maybe the most important website, where it is explaining about the decade that no one would ever forget. The 1980s was fun alright with drugs, AIDS, and unemployment rises, but Reaganomics would change that.
Click Here
This websites explains about the impact that Reaganmics had chenged the U.S. economy in an effort to save America. It also explains about the history and shows all the details of what Reaganomics did to change America and to make the impact that Ronald Reagan knew that it could do for the world. It tells about the good and bad about the his plana nd how it had effectes the 1980s in America.
Click Here
Mormonism- Christian or Cult
This website explains about the history of Mormonism and the aspects that it carries with its beliefs with increasing rate of believing in the religion. It what is it is meant to be a Mormon and how a human being can be a Mormon and what it teaches to everyone. It answers asks if it is truthly being Christian or just a joke of a religion to understand.
Click Here
What is Aids?
This website explains about the disease and what the effects can do to you if are about to die. It also tells about what the disease is and what it do you your body if you are doing unprotected sex. It tells about the following procedures to follow if you were to contract the disease and what you can do to save your life.
Click Here
The impact of AIDS
These site shows about the timeline of the impact that AIDS had done to America and to the rest of the world that made it a dangerous and shows about the most important events of the 1980s and that it domianted the 1980s. This site also shows about what the 1980s had impact in that decade of destruction by AIDS.
Click Here
AMERICAN CULTURAL HISTORY Kingwood College Library
This website explains about the history of the 1980s from Arts to Television with fashion and events that change the 1980s. This maybe the most important website, where it is explaining about the decade that no one would ever forget. The 1980s was fun alright with drugs, AIDS, and unemployment rises, but Reaganomics would change that.
Click Here
Educator's Learning Guide
-Angels in America Part One: Millennium Approaches was written and workshopped by Tony Kushner in 1989-1990. It premiered in 1991, but was published in 1992. It carries a cast of 21 characters for five men and three females to be casted.
-The story turns on October-November 1985-January 1986 in New York City. Also events in Salt Lake City, Moscow, Russia. Being in a airliner flying to San Francisco, along with others being Heaven, Hell, dream sequences and places imagined by the characters. focuses on the stories of two troubled couples, one gay, one straight: "word processor" Louis Ironson terms and his lover Prior Walter and Mormon lawyer Joe Pitt and his wife Harper. After the funeral of Louis's grandmother, Prior tells him that he has contracted AIDS, and Louis panics. He tries to care for Prior but soon realizes he cannot stand the strain and fear. Meanwhile, Joe is offered a job in the Justice Department by Roy Cohn: his right-wing, bigoted mentor and friend. But the trouble is Harper, who is addicted to Valium and suffers anxiety and hallucinations, does not want to move to Washington. The two couples' fates quickly become intertwined: Joe stumbles upon Louis crying in the bathroom of the courthouse where he works, and they strike up an unlikely friendship based in part on Louis's suspicion that Joe is gay. Harper and Prior also meet, in a fantastical mutual dream sequence in which Prior, operating on the "threshold of revelation," reveals to Harper that her husband is a closeted homosexual. Harper confronts Joe, who denies it but says he has struggled inwardly with the issue. Roy receives a different kind of surprise: At an appointment with his doctor Henry, he learns that he too has been diagnosed with AIDS. But Roy, who considers gay men weak and ineffectual, thunders that he has nothing in common with them-AIDS is a disease of homosexuals, whereas he has "liver cancer." Henry, disgusted, as he urges him to use his clout to obtain an experimental AIDS drug. Later back on earth, his fever broken, Prior tells Louis he loves him but that he cannot come back for him. Harper leaves Joe for the last time and sets off on an optimistic voyage to San Francisco to begin her own life. Prior says that the disease has killed many but that he intends to live on, and that the "Great Work" will continue.
http://www.sparknotes.com/drama/angels/summary.html
-Brief Bio of the Author- Tony Kushner was born in Manhattan, New York in July 16, 1956, where he would later move to Louisiana. He settled and grew up in Lake Charles, Louisiana where his family moved after inheriting a lumber business. He earned a bachelors degree from Columbia University and later did postgraduate work at New York University. In the early 1980s, he founded a theater group and began writing and producing plays. In the early 1990s, he scored a monster hit with the epic, seven-hour, two-part, Broadway blockbuster Angels in America: A Gay Fantasia on National Themes which earned for Kushner a Pulitzer Prize, two Tony Awards, two Drama Desk Awards, the Evening Standard Award, two Olivier Award Nominations, the New York Critics Circle Award, the Los Angeles Drama Critics Circle Award and the LAMBDA Liberty Award for Drama. His work has been produced and seen at the Mark Taper Forum, the New York Shakespeare Festival, New York Theatre Workshop, Hartford Stage Company, Berkeley Repertory Theatre and the Los Angeles Theatre Center as well as theatres in over 30 countries across the globe. He was the recipient of a 1990 Whiting Foundation Writers Award and playwriting and directing fellowships from the New York Foundation for the Arts, the New York State Council on the Arts and the National Endowment for the Arts. Mr. Kushner is currently a faculty member of New York University's Dramatic Writing program.
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A look of the Characters
Louis Ironson - Male, Jewish, in his mid 20s to thirties A "word processor" who works at the federal appeals court in Brooklyn. Louis embodies all the stereotypes of the neurotic Jew: anxious, ambivalent and perpetually guilty.
Prior Walter - Male, White, in his 30s. The boyfriend Louis abandons after Prior reveals that he has AIDS. Prior becomes a prophet when he is visited by an Angel of God, but he eventually rejects his prophecy and demands a blessing of additional life.
Joe Pitt - Male, in his 30s A Mormon, Republican lawyer at the appeals court, Joe grapples with his latent homosexuality, leaving his wife Harper for Louis and being left in turn by Louis.
Harper Pitt - Female, white, in her thirties Joe's wife, a Valium-addicted agoraphobe trapped in a failing marriage who hallucinates and invents imaginary characters to escape her troubles. The perpetually fearful Harper obsesses about knife-wielding men and the ozone layer as a subconscious stand-in for her own difficulties.
Roy Cohn - Male in his 50s, A famous New York lawyer and powerbroker, Roy Cohn was a real-life figure whom Kushner adapted for his play. Roy is the play's most vicious and disturbing character, a closeted homosexual who disavows other gays and cares only about amassing clout. His lack of ethics led him to illegally intervene in the espionage trial of Ethel Rosenberg, which resulted in her execution. Roy represents the opposite of community, the selfishness and loneliness all too endemic to American life. However, his malevolence goes beyond mere isolation to actual hatred and evil. He is forgiven (though not exonerated) in the play's moral climax, after his death (from AIDS) unwittingly reconnects him to the gay community from which he always distanced himself.
Belize - Male, A black ex-drag queen and registered nurse, Belize is Prior's best friend and-quite against Belize's will-Roy's caretaker. He is the most ethical and reasonable character in the play, generously looking out for Prior, grappling with Roy and rebutting Louis's blindly self-centered politics.
Hannah Pitt - Female, Joe's mother, who moves from Salt Lake City to New York after Joe confesses he is gay in a late-night phone call. Hannah tends sternly to Harper but blossoms after she encounters Prior, becoming his companion and friend. Her chilly demeanor is melted by Prior and by a remarkable sexual encounter with the Angel.
The Angel of America - Female, An imposing, terrifying, divine presence who descends from Heaven to bestow prophecy on Prior. The Angel seeks a prophet to overturn the migratory impulse of human beings, believing that their constant motion and change have driven God to abandon creation. Her cosmology is disturbingly reactionary, even deadly, and Prior successfully resists it in a visit to Heaven. This reactionary nature is rather surprisingly blended with a dramatic, Whitman-esque speaking style and an overpowering, multigendered sexuality.
Ethel Rosenberg - Female, A real-life Jewish woman who was executed for treason during the McCarthy era. The Ethel of the play returns as a ghost to take satisfaction in the death of her persecutor, Roy. Ethel hates Roy with a "needlesharp" passion, yet on his deathbed she musters enough compassion to sing to him
Mr. Lies - Male, A travel agent who resembles a jazz musician, Mr. Lies is one of Harper's imaginary creations.
Henry - Female, Roy's doctor, whom Roy threatens with destruction lest he refer to him as a homosexual.
Emily - Female, A nurse who attends to Prior in the hospital. Emily is one of several characters who give voice to the same anti-migratory impulse as the Angel, she tells Prior in no uncertain terms to stay put.
Martin Heller - Male, A Justice Department official and political ally of Roy's. Martin is fundamentally spineless, allowing Roy to manipulate him in order to impress Joe and then taking the abuse that Roy heaps on him along with a blackmail threat.
Sister Ella Chapter - Female, A real estate agent who handles the sale of Hannah's house in Salt Lake. Like Emily, she urges her friend to settle down and remain at home
Prior I and Prior II - Males, Prior's ancestors who are summoned from the dead to help prepare the way for the Angel's arrival. Prior I is a medieval farmer, Prior II a seventeenth- century Londoner who is more sophisticated and cosmopolitan in outlook. Both men died of the plague.
Rabbi Isidor Chemelwitz- Female, an orthodox Jewish rabbi.
Click Here
-The story turns on October-November 1985-January 1986 in New York City. Also events in Salt Lake City, Moscow, Russia. Being in a airliner flying to San Francisco, along with others being Heaven, Hell, dream sequences and places imagined by the characters. focuses on the stories of two troubled couples, one gay, one straight: "word processor" Louis Ironson terms and his lover Prior Walter and Mormon lawyer Joe Pitt and his wife Harper. After the funeral of Louis's grandmother, Prior tells him that he has contracted AIDS, and Louis panics. He tries to care for Prior but soon realizes he cannot stand the strain and fear. Meanwhile, Joe is offered a job in the Justice Department by Roy Cohn: his right-wing, bigoted mentor and friend. But the trouble is Harper, who is addicted to Valium and suffers anxiety and hallucinations, does not want to move to Washington. The two couples' fates quickly become intertwined: Joe stumbles upon Louis crying in the bathroom of the courthouse where he works, and they strike up an unlikely friendship based in part on Louis's suspicion that Joe is gay. Harper and Prior also meet, in a fantastical mutual dream sequence in which Prior, operating on the "threshold of revelation," reveals to Harper that her husband is a closeted homosexual. Harper confronts Joe, who denies it but says he has struggled inwardly with the issue. Roy receives a different kind of surprise: At an appointment with his doctor Henry, he learns that he too has been diagnosed with AIDS. But Roy, who considers gay men weak and ineffectual, thunders that he has nothing in common with them-AIDS is a disease of homosexuals, whereas he has "liver cancer." Henry, disgusted, as he urges him to use his clout to obtain an experimental AIDS drug. Later back on earth, his fever broken, Prior tells Louis he loves him but that he cannot come back for him. Harper leaves Joe for the last time and sets off on an optimistic voyage to San Francisco to begin her own life. Prior says that the disease has killed many but that he intends to live on, and that the "Great Work" will continue.
http://www.sparknotes.com/drama/angels/summary.html
-Brief Bio of the Author- Tony Kushner was born in Manhattan, New York in July 16, 1956, where he would later move to Louisiana. He settled and grew up in Lake Charles, Louisiana where his family moved after inheriting a lumber business. He earned a bachelors degree from Columbia University and later did postgraduate work at New York University. In the early 1980s, he founded a theater group and began writing and producing plays. In the early 1990s, he scored a monster hit with the epic, seven-hour, two-part, Broadway blockbuster Angels in America: A Gay Fantasia on National Themes which earned for Kushner a Pulitzer Prize, two Tony Awards, two Drama Desk Awards, the Evening Standard Award, two Olivier Award Nominations, the New York Critics Circle Award, the Los Angeles Drama Critics Circle Award and the LAMBDA Liberty Award for Drama. His work has been produced and seen at the Mark Taper Forum, the New York Shakespeare Festival, New York Theatre Workshop, Hartford Stage Company, Berkeley Repertory Theatre and the Los Angeles Theatre Center as well as theatres in over 30 countries across the globe. He was the recipient of a 1990 Whiting Foundation Writers Award and playwriting and directing fellowships from the New York Foundation for the Arts, the New York State Council on the Arts and the National Endowment for the Arts. Mr. Kushner is currently a faculty member of New York University's Dramatic Writing program.
Click Here
A look of the Characters
Louis Ironson - Male, Jewish, in his mid 20s to thirties A "word processor" who works at the federal appeals court in Brooklyn. Louis embodies all the stereotypes of the neurotic Jew: anxious, ambivalent and perpetually guilty.
Prior Walter - Male, White, in his 30s. The boyfriend Louis abandons after Prior reveals that he has AIDS. Prior becomes a prophet when he is visited by an Angel of God, but he eventually rejects his prophecy and demands a blessing of additional life.
Joe Pitt - Male, in his 30s A Mormon, Republican lawyer at the appeals court, Joe grapples with his latent homosexuality, leaving his wife Harper for Louis and being left in turn by Louis.
Harper Pitt - Female, white, in her thirties Joe's wife, a Valium-addicted agoraphobe trapped in a failing marriage who hallucinates and invents imaginary characters to escape her troubles. The perpetually fearful Harper obsesses about knife-wielding men and the ozone layer as a subconscious stand-in for her own difficulties.
Roy Cohn - Male in his 50s, A famous New York lawyer and powerbroker, Roy Cohn was a real-life figure whom Kushner adapted for his play. Roy is the play's most vicious and disturbing character, a closeted homosexual who disavows other gays and cares only about amassing clout. His lack of ethics led him to illegally intervene in the espionage trial of Ethel Rosenberg, which resulted in her execution. Roy represents the opposite of community, the selfishness and loneliness all too endemic to American life. However, his malevolence goes beyond mere isolation to actual hatred and evil. He is forgiven (though not exonerated) in the play's moral climax, after his death (from AIDS) unwittingly reconnects him to the gay community from which he always distanced himself.
Belize - Male, A black ex-drag queen and registered nurse, Belize is Prior's best friend and-quite against Belize's will-Roy's caretaker. He is the most ethical and reasonable character in the play, generously looking out for Prior, grappling with Roy and rebutting Louis's blindly self-centered politics.
Hannah Pitt - Female, Joe's mother, who moves from Salt Lake City to New York after Joe confesses he is gay in a late-night phone call. Hannah tends sternly to Harper but blossoms after she encounters Prior, becoming his companion and friend. Her chilly demeanor is melted by Prior and by a remarkable sexual encounter with the Angel.
The Angel of America - Female, An imposing, terrifying, divine presence who descends from Heaven to bestow prophecy on Prior. The Angel seeks a prophet to overturn the migratory impulse of human beings, believing that their constant motion and change have driven God to abandon creation. Her cosmology is disturbingly reactionary, even deadly, and Prior successfully resists it in a visit to Heaven. This reactionary nature is rather surprisingly blended with a dramatic, Whitman-esque speaking style and an overpowering, multigendered sexuality.
Ethel Rosenberg - Female, A real-life Jewish woman who was executed for treason during the McCarthy era. The Ethel of the play returns as a ghost to take satisfaction in the death of her persecutor, Roy. Ethel hates Roy with a "needlesharp" passion, yet on his deathbed she musters enough compassion to sing to him
Mr. Lies - Male, A travel agent who resembles a jazz musician, Mr. Lies is one of Harper's imaginary creations.
Henry - Female, Roy's doctor, whom Roy threatens with destruction lest he refer to him as a homosexual.
Emily - Female, A nurse who attends to Prior in the hospital. Emily is one of several characters who give voice to the same anti-migratory impulse as the Angel, she tells Prior in no uncertain terms to stay put.
Martin Heller - Male, A Justice Department official and political ally of Roy's. Martin is fundamentally spineless, allowing Roy to manipulate him in order to impress Joe and then taking the abuse that Roy heaps on him along with a blackmail threat.
Sister Ella Chapter - Female, A real estate agent who handles the sale of Hannah's house in Salt Lake. Like Emily, she urges her friend to settle down and remain at home
Prior I and Prior II - Males, Prior's ancestors who are summoned from the dead to help prepare the way for the Angel's arrival. Prior I is a medieval farmer, Prior II a seventeenth- century Londoner who is more sophisticated and cosmopolitan in outlook. Both men died of the plague.
Rabbi Isidor Chemelwitz- Female, an orthodox Jewish rabbi.
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Educator's Learning Guide
-Angels in America was first workshopped in 1990, but would open at Eureka Theatre Company in May of 1991, where it would still continue today where in 2003 it appeared as a film on HBO directed by Mike Nichols carrying a cast of Al Pacino
Meryl Streep, Emma Thompson, Mary-Louise Parker, Jeffrey Wright starting in the film. It would be nominated for Emmy and Golden Globe awards, where it would win 11 of the 21 nominations breaking the record held by "Roots".
"Embracing All Possibilities in Art and Life" by Frank Rich May 1993
But even as Mr. Kushner portrays an America of lies and cowardice to match Cohn's cynical view, he envisions another America of truth and beauty, the paradise imagined by both his Jewish and Mormon characters' ancestors as they made their crossing to the new land. "Angels in America" not only charts the split of its two central couples but it also implicitly sets its two gay men with AIDS against each other in a battle over their visions of the future. While the fatalistic, self-loathing Cohn ridicules gay men as political weaklings with "zero clout" doomed to defeat, the younger, equally ill Prior sees the reverse. "I am a gay man, and I am used to pressure," he says from his sick bed. "I am tough and strong." Possessed by scriptural visions he describes as "very Steven Spielberg" even when in abject pain, Prior is Mr. Kushner's prophet of hope in the midst of apocalypse.
What has really affected "Angels in America" during the months of its odyssey to New York, however, is not so much its change of directors as Washington's change of Administrations. When first seen a year or so ago, the play seemed defined by its anger at the reigning political establishment, which tended to reward the Roy Cohns and ignore the Prior Walters. Mr. Kushner has not revised the text since -- a crony of Cohn's still boasts of a Republican lock on the White House until the year 2000 -- but the shift in Washington has had the subliminal effect of making "Angels in America" seem more focused on what happens next than on the past.
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“Marching Out Of The Closet” by Frank Rich November of 1992
As a political statement, "Angels in America," a two-part, seven-hour epic subtitled "A Gay Fantasia on National Themes," is nothing less than a fierce call for gay Americans to seize the strings of power in the war for tolerance and against AIDS. But this play, by turns searing and comic and elegiac, is no earthbound ideological harangue. Though set largely in New York and Washington during the Reagan-Bush 80's, "Angels in America" sweeps through locales as varied as Salt Lake City and the Kremlin, and through high-flying styles ranging from piquant camp humor to religious hallucination to the ornate poetic rage of classic drama.
When the going gets truly heavy in Part 2, Mr. Kushner must share responsibility. The writing retreats to conventionality as he sorts out the domestic conflicts of his major characters. Long debates about the Reagan ethos and the hypocrisies of gay Republicans seem unexceptional after this year's Presidential campaign. But just when "Angels in America" seems to bog down in the naturalism and polemics Mr. Kushner otherwise avoids, it gathers itself up for a stirring cosmic denouement in which Mr. Spinella's Prior, having passed through a spiritual heaven and five years of physical hell, addresses the audience directly from the Bethesda Fountain in Central Park. Envisioning a new age of universal perestroika in which "the world only spins forward," Prior foretells a future in which "this disease will be the end of many of us, but not nearly all," in which "we will not die secret deaths anymore," in which love and "more life" will be the destiny of "each and every one."
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Past Productions
Mark Taper Forum
Los Angeles, CA October 1992
Director: Oskar Eustis and Tony Taccone
Sets: John Conklin, Lights: Pat Collins, Costumes: Gabriel Berry, and music by Mel Marvin
Walter Kerr Theatre
New York City, NY April 1993
Director: George C. Wolfe
Sets: Robin Wagner, Lights: Julie Fisher, Costumes: Toni-Leslie James
Boston Works Theater
Boston, MA Jan 18 - Feb 10, 2008
Director: Jason Southerland and Nancy Curran Willis
Citizens' Theatre
Glasgow, UK May 1- 2, 2007
Director: David Kramer
Sets: Soutra Gilmour; Costumes: Mark Bouman; Lighting: Charles Balfour; Sound, Carolyn Downing
The Hypocrities, Bailiwick Repertory Theatre
Chicago, IL Through May 7, 2008 with Part II on April 8, 2008
Director: Sean Graney
Lights: Jared Moore, Designed: Michael Griggs & Mikhail Fiksel
Meryl Streep, Emma Thompson, Mary-Louise Parker, Jeffrey Wright starting in the film. It would be nominated for Emmy and Golden Globe awards, where it would win 11 of the 21 nominations breaking the record held by "Roots".
"Embracing All Possibilities in Art and Life" by Frank Rich May 1993
But even as Mr. Kushner portrays an America of lies and cowardice to match Cohn's cynical view, he envisions another America of truth and beauty, the paradise imagined by both his Jewish and Mormon characters' ancestors as they made their crossing to the new land. "Angels in America" not only charts the split of its two central couples but it also implicitly sets its two gay men with AIDS against each other in a battle over their visions of the future. While the fatalistic, self-loathing Cohn ridicules gay men as political weaklings with "zero clout" doomed to defeat, the younger, equally ill Prior sees the reverse. "I am a gay man, and I am used to pressure," he says from his sick bed. "I am tough and strong." Possessed by scriptural visions he describes as "very Steven Spielberg" even when in abject pain, Prior is Mr. Kushner's prophet of hope in the midst of apocalypse.
What has really affected "Angels in America" during the months of its odyssey to New York, however, is not so much its change of directors as Washington's change of Administrations. When first seen a year or so ago, the play seemed defined by its anger at the reigning political establishment, which tended to reward the Roy Cohns and ignore the Prior Walters. Mr. Kushner has not revised the text since -- a crony of Cohn's still boasts of a Republican lock on the White House until the year 2000 -- but the shift in Washington has had the subliminal effect of making "Angels in America" seem more focused on what happens next than on the past.
Click Here
“Marching Out Of The Closet” by Frank Rich November of 1992
As a political statement, "Angels in America," a two-part, seven-hour epic subtitled "A Gay Fantasia on National Themes," is nothing less than a fierce call for gay Americans to seize the strings of power in the war for tolerance and against AIDS. But this play, by turns searing and comic and elegiac, is no earthbound ideological harangue. Though set largely in New York and Washington during the Reagan-Bush 80's, "Angels in America" sweeps through locales as varied as Salt Lake City and the Kremlin, and through high-flying styles ranging from piquant camp humor to religious hallucination to the ornate poetic rage of classic drama.
When the going gets truly heavy in Part 2, Mr. Kushner must share responsibility. The writing retreats to conventionality as he sorts out the domestic conflicts of his major characters. Long debates about the Reagan ethos and the hypocrisies of gay Republicans seem unexceptional after this year's Presidential campaign. But just when "Angels in America" seems to bog down in the naturalism and polemics Mr. Kushner otherwise avoids, it gathers itself up for a stirring cosmic denouement in which Mr. Spinella's Prior, having passed through a spiritual heaven and five years of physical hell, addresses the audience directly from the Bethesda Fountain in Central Park. Envisioning a new age of universal perestroika in which "the world only spins forward," Prior foretells a future in which "this disease will be the end of many of us, but not nearly all," in which "we will not die secret deaths anymore," in which love and "more life" will be the destiny of "each and every one."
ClicK Here
Past Productions
Mark Taper Forum
Los Angeles, CA October 1992
Director: Oskar Eustis and Tony Taccone
Sets: John Conklin, Lights: Pat Collins, Costumes: Gabriel Berry, and music by Mel Marvin
Walter Kerr Theatre
New York City, NY April 1993
Director: George C. Wolfe
Sets: Robin Wagner, Lights: Julie Fisher, Costumes: Toni-Leslie James
Boston Works Theater
Boston, MA Jan 18 - Feb 10, 2008
Director: Jason Southerland and Nancy Curran Willis
Citizens' Theatre
Glasgow, UK May 1- 2, 2007
Director: David Kramer
Sets: Soutra Gilmour; Costumes: Mark Bouman; Lighting: Charles Balfour; Sound, Carolyn Downing
The Hypocrities, Bailiwick Repertory Theatre
Chicago, IL Through May 7, 2008 with Part II on April 8, 2008
Director: Sean Graney
Lights: Jared Moore, Designed: Michael Griggs & Mikhail Fiksel
Educator's Learning Guide
- Questions for the director
1) What are the themes that the script are you trying to speard to?
2) What type of music should be used for the production?
3) Are you setting it like the 1980s?
4) What type of clothing should be used?
5) Will there be violence, nudity, or drugs?
After the production that will be time for questioning and hearing answers from the director and actors, whom were involved in the show. There will be common questions and also questions about how they felt about the show and was it diffcult of acting and moving lie the character.
1. What was your impression of seeing the set and acting in the production?
2. Was it difficult to produce the 1980s as on stage?.
3. Was the nudity, homosexuality, and smoking a concern for the stage and audience?
4. What was the decision of the sex scene at the park?
5. What gets the name Angels In America for the production?
These questions are for the students to ask and view about the production. The exercise for the students to understand the play. They are answer it with the correct answer to see if they understand what Tony Kushner is discussing.
1. Who was Roy Cohn and What was he famous for?
2. In the play, they explain alot about AIDS and Kaposi's sarcoma, what is the difference between both of them?
3. Mormonism and Judaism are the religions that are mention in the play, how is it affected in the play?
4. Who was the famous actor that got the people's attention to understand that AIDS is dangerous?
5. How is homosexuality viewed in the play? Who is the character that isn't sure if he's gay or not?
1) What are the themes that the script are you trying to speard to?
2) What type of music should be used for the production?
3) Are you setting it like the 1980s?
4) What type of clothing should be used?
5) Will there be violence, nudity, or drugs?
After the production that will be time for questioning and hearing answers from the director and actors, whom were involved in the show. There will be common questions and also questions about how they felt about the show and was it diffcult of acting and moving lie the character.
1. What was your impression of seeing the set and acting in the production?
2. Was it difficult to produce the 1980s as on stage?.
3. Was the nudity, homosexuality, and smoking a concern for the stage and audience?
4. What was the decision of the sex scene at the park?
5. What gets the name Angels In America for the production?
These questions are for the students to ask and view about the production. The exercise for the students to understand the play. They are answer it with the correct answer to see if they understand what Tony Kushner is discussing.
1. Who was Roy Cohn and What was he famous for?
2. In the play, they explain alot about AIDS and Kaposi's sarcoma, what is the difference between both of them?
3. Mormonism and Judaism are the religions that are mention in the play, how is it affected in the play?
4. Who was the famous actor that got the people's attention to understand that AIDS is dangerous?
5. How is homosexuality viewed in the play? Who is the character that isn't sure if he's gay or not?
Thursday, July 31, 2008
Productions Designs
Guilford College
2001
Directed by Jack Zerbe and Lee Soroko
Costume Designer ~ April Soroko
Set Designer ~ April Soroko
Lighting Designer ~ Bob Elderkin
Photographer ~ Bob Elderkin
The site also provides designs of each of the character's costumes from Part 1 and 2.
Click Here
University of Massachusetts, Amherst
Amherst, MA
April 7-16 2005 in Rand Theatre
Director: MFA student M. Honatke Miller
Designer: Miguel Romero
Click Here
Angels in America, Part I: Millennium Approaches"
University of Pennsylvania Theatre Arts Department, Studio Theatre, 2007
Direction: David Fox
Scenic Design / Painting: Rita DeAngelo
Scenic Consultant: Peter Whinnery
Click Here
Productions Photos
Davidson College
Charlotte, NC
March 20-23 and 27-29, 2003
Directed by Ann Marie Costa
Click Here
University of Massachusetts, Amherst
Amherst, MA
April 7-16 2005 in Rand Theatre
Director: MFA student M. Honatke Miller
Designer: Miguel Romero
Click Here
Citizens Theatre
Glasgow, UK
2007
Directed by Daniel Kramer
Designed by Dominic Cavendish
Click Here
The Hypocrities, Bailiwick Repertory Theatre
Chicago, IL
Through May 7, 2008 with Part II on April 8, 2008
Director: Sean Graney
Lights: Jared Moore, Designed: Michael Griggs & Mikhail Fiksel
Click Here
Fort Lewis College Durango, Colorado
2005
Directed by Ginny Davis
Set Design Nathan K. Lee
Costume Design - Theresa Carson
Properties Design - Matt McDonald
Sound Design - Chris Weed
Click Here
Production Reviews
“Marching Out Of The Closet” by Frank Rich November of 1992
As a political statement, "Angels in America," a two-part, seven-hour epic subtitled "A Gay Fantasia on National Themes," is nothing less than a fierce call for gay Americans to seize the strings of power in the war for tolerance and against AIDS. But this play, by turns searing and comic and elegiac, is no earthbound ideological harangue. Though set largely in New York and Washington during the Reagan-Bush 80's, "Angels in America" sweeps through locales as varied as Salt Lake City and the Kremlin, and through high-flying styles ranging from piquant camp humor to religious hallucination to the ornate poetic rage of classic drama.
None of the other performances are in this league, although Mr. Mantello's cowardly Louis shows a lot of promise and K. Todd Freeman sizzles in the comic role of a one-time drag queen who ends up as Cohn's private nurse. Among the rest, the only one that does damage comes from Ms. Mace, whose lost wife exudes brash sitcom brio rather than the disorientation and vulnerability that might make the play's one major female character touching.
When the going gets truly heavy in Part 2, Mr. Kushner must share responsibility. The writing retreats to conventionality as he sorts out the domestic conflicts of his major characters. Long debates about the Reagan ethos and the hypocrisies of gay Republicans seem unexceptional after this year's Presidential campaign. But just when "Angels in America" seems to bog down in the naturalism and polemics Mr. Kushner otherwise avoids, it gathers itself up for a stirring cosmic denouement in which Mr. Spinella's Prior, having passed through a spiritual heaven and five years of physical hell, addresses the audience directly from the Bethesda Fountain in Central Park. Envisioning a new age of universal perestroika in which "the world only spins forward," Prior foretells a future in which "this disease will be the end of many of us, but not nearly all," in which "we will not die secret deaths anymore," in which love and "more life" will be the destiny of "each and every one."
Click Here
Embracing All Possibilities in Art and Life by Frank Rich May 1993
But even as Mr. Kushner portrays an America of lies and cowardice to match Cohn's cynical view, he envisions another America of truth and beauty, the paradise imagined by both his Jewish and Mormon characters' ancestors as they made their crossing to the new land. "Angels in America" not only charts the split of its two central couples but it also implicitly sets its two gay men with AIDS against each other in a battle over their visions of the future. While the fatalistic, self-loathing Cohn ridicules gay men as political weaklings with "zero clout" doomed to defeat, the younger, equally ill Prior sees the reverse. "I am a gay man, and I am used to pressure," he says from his sick bed. "I am tough and strong." Possessed by scriptural visions he describes as "very Steven Spielberg" even when in abject pain, Prior is Mr. Kushner's prophet of hope in the midst of apocalypse.
The entire cast, which includes Kathleen Chalfant and Jeffrey Wright in a variety of crisply observed comic cameos, is first rate. Ms. Harden's shattered, sleepwalking housewife is pure pathos, a figure of slurred thought, voice and emotions, while Mr. Grant fully conveys the internal warfare of her husband, torn between Mormon rectitude and uncontrollable sexual heat. When Mr. Wolfe gets both of the play's couples on stage simultaneously to enact their parallel, overlapping domestic crackups, "Angels in America" becomes a wounding fugue of misunderstanding and recrimination committed in the name of love.
What has really affected "Angels in America" during the months of its odyssey to New York, however, is not so much its change of directors as Washington's change of Administrations. When first seen a year or so ago, the play seemed defined by its anger at the reigning political establishment, which tended to reward the Roy Cohns and ignore the Prior Walters. Mr. Kushner has not revised the text since -- a crony of Cohn's still boasts of a Republican lock on the White House until the year 2000 -- but the shift in Washington has had the subliminal effect of making "Angels in America" seem more focused on what happens next than on the past.
Click Here
Angels in America: Millennium Approaches and Perestroika Review by Mark Fisher
May 3, 2007
What also sets the play apart is its audacious mix of theatricality, philosophy and poetry. That explains how, despite its lack of resolution, "Millennium Approaches" was a hit two years before Kushner completed the second part.
American-born Kramer has all these aspects within his grasp, presenting an unceasingly fluid seven hours of theater played out on Soutra Gilmour's open, elemental set. The director understands the way Kushner soars from soap opera to metaphysics to paint something majestic from the simple building blocks of human relationships and the way the juxtaposition and interlocking of scenes is inherently theatrical. So too are the surreal interventions of angels, mannequins and long-dead ancestors. Kramer, who directed recent West End revivals of "Bent" makes you accept everything in this theater of dreams.
He couldn't do this without his actors, of course, and he has assembled a flawless company. Roy M. Cohn, the fictional version of the real-life political fixer, is a gift of a part, played by Greg Hicks with a rasping, amphibian creepiness that's strangely compelling. Likewise, Jo Stone-Fewings brings emotional complexity to the role of Joseph Porter Pitt, the closeted gay Mormon, revealing the callous contradictions behind the nice-guy exterior.
Rest of the cast is equally strong, whether it's the shape-shifting Ann Mitchell, switching from Jewish icon to Mormon matriarch, bleached blond Mark Emerson bringing dry wit to Prior Walter, the AIDS patient with a visionary imagination, or Kirsty Bushell, a tremendously deadpan Harper Amaty Pitt, the delusional young wife in a sexless marriage. With otherworldly appearances from a sonorous Golda Rosheuvel and a striking Obi Abili, plus Adam Levy's charming Louis Ironson, the cast creates a world which, even after seven hours, it is a wrench to escape.
Click Here
Theatre Review (Boston) by Greg Hard February 1, 2008
Even though it takes place in the 1980s, the play's themes - mainly human frailty, moral choices, political corruption, and human prejudices - all stand the test of time to this day.
The acting is spectacular throughout, especially by Bree Elrod and Tyler Reilly who deliver the best performances of the night. Richard McElvain's performance as Roy Cohn is angry and passionate enough, but it lacks the humanity of the others. Susanne Nitter does a fine job as Joe's mother, Hannah, and as Ethel Rosenberg, Roy's deceased enemy.
The scenery is sublimely minimalist. A few carefully placed pieces of furniture on a background that looks like the inside of an aluminum can, with very well done lighting design, are all that is needed. Kushner's writing and the passion with which the actors deliver the text stand on their own, requiring no extraneous props or scenery to be passionate and moving.
Angels in America is a must-see play. Despite the twenty years since its release, it rings true in today's political and social climate. The relationships it depicts, and its themes of human frailty, mortality, moral choices, and political corruption, all transcend time.
Click Here
Angels In America: A Gay Fantasia on National Themes Part One: Millennium Approaches Review by Chicago Critic April 9, 2006
This amazing show is so engrossing, so filled with rich lyrical language and emotional performances that you’ll be on the edge of your seat totally transfixed with this epic drama. Listen to the text, see both parts separately then see them on the same day to get the complete message of this tremendous play. Kushner has much to say and Graney’s production gives it clarity with a steady mounting dramatic tension that engages us throughout.
The cast was splendid, especially Mechelle Moe as Harper, Kurt Ehrmann as Roy Cohn and Scott Bradley as Prior. These performers left it all out on the stage as they exuded the angst, fear and pain associated with their characters.
Click Here
As a political statement, "Angels in America," a two-part, seven-hour epic subtitled "A Gay Fantasia on National Themes," is nothing less than a fierce call for gay Americans to seize the strings of power in the war for tolerance and against AIDS. But this play, by turns searing and comic and elegiac, is no earthbound ideological harangue. Though set largely in New York and Washington during the Reagan-Bush 80's, "Angels in America" sweeps through locales as varied as Salt Lake City and the Kremlin, and through high-flying styles ranging from piquant camp humor to religious hallucination to the ornate poetic rage of classic drama.
None of the other performances are in this league, although Mr. Mantello's cowardly Louis shows a lot of promise and K. Todd Freeman sizzles in the comic role of a one-time drag queen who ends up as Cohn's private nurse. Among the rest, the only one that does damage comes from Ms. Mace, whose lost wife exudes brash sitcom brio rather than the disorientation and vulnerability that might make the play's one major female character touching.
When the going gets truly heavy in Part 2, Mr. Kushner must share responsibility. The writing retreats to conventionality as he sorts out the domestic conflicts of his major characters. Long debates about the Reagan ethos and the hypocrisies of gay Republicans seem unexceptional after this year's Presidential campaign. But just when "Angels in America" seems to bog down in the naturalism and polemics Mr. Kushner otherwise avoids, it gathers itself up for a stirring cosmic denouement in which Mr. Spinella's Prior, having passed through a spiritual heaven and five years of physical hell, addresses the audience directly from the Bethesda Fountain in Central Park. Envisioning a new age of universal perestroika in which "the world only spins forward," Prior foretells a future in which "this disease will be the end of many of us, but not nearly all," in which "we will not die secret deaths anymore," in which love and "more life" will be the destiny of "each and every one."
Click Here
Embracing All Possibilities in Art and Life by Frank Rich May 1993
But even as Mr. Kushner portrays an America of lies and cowardice to match Cohn's cynical view, he envisions another America of truth and beauty, the paradise imagined by both his Jewish and Mormon characters' ancestors as they made their crossing to the new land. "Angels in America" not only charts the split of its two central couples but it also implicitly sets its two gay men with AIDS against each other in a battle over their visions of the future. While the fatalistic, self-loathing Cohn ridicules gay men as political weaklings with "zero clout" doomed to defeat, the younger, equally ill Prior sees the reverse. "I am a gay man, and I am used to pressure," he says from his sick bed. "I am tough and strong." Possessed by scriptural visions he describes as "very Steven Spielberg" even when in abject pain, Prior is Mr. Kushner's prophet of hope in the midst of apocalypse.
The entire cast, which includes Kathleen Chalfant and Jeffrey Wright in a variety of crisply observed comic cameos, is first rate. Ms. Harden's shattered, sleepwalking housewife is pure pathos, a figure of slurred thought, voice and emotions, while Mr. Grant fully conveys the internal warfare of her husband, torn between Mormon rectitude and uncontrollable sexual heat. When Mr. Wolfe gets both of the play's couples on stage simultaneously to enact their parallel, overlapping domestic crackups, "Angels in America" becomes a wounding fugue of misunderstanding and recrimination committed in the name of love.
What has really affected "Angels in America" during the months of its odyssey to New York, however, is not so much its change of directors as Washington's change of Administrations. When first seen a year or so ago, the play seemed defined by its anger at the reigning political establishment, which tended to reward the Roy Cohns and ignore the Prior Walters. Mr. Kushner has not revised the text since -- a crony of Cohn's still boasts of a Republican lock on the White House until the year 2000 -- but the shift in Washington has had the subliminal effect of making "Angels in America" seem more focused on what happens next than on the past.
Click Here
Angels in America: Millennium Approaches and Perestroika Review by Mark Fisher
May 3, 2007
What also sets the play apart is its audacious mix of theatricality, philosophy and poetry. That explains how, despite its lack of resolution, "Millennium Approaches" was a hit two years before Kushner completed the second part.
American-born Kramer has all these aspects within his grasp, presenting an unceasingly fluid seven hours of theater played out on Soutra Gilmour's open, elemental set. The director understands the way Kushner soars from soap opera to metaphysics to paint something majestic from the simple building blocks of human relationships and the way the juxtaposition and interlocking of scenes is inherently theatrical. So too are the surreal interventions of angels, mannequins and long-dead ancestors. Kramer, who directed recent West End revivals of "Bent" makes you accept everything in this theater of dreams.
He couldn't do this without his actors, of course, and he has assembled a flawless company. Roy M. Cohn, the fictional version of the real-life political fixer, is a gift of a part, played by Greg Hicks with a rasping, amphibian creepiness that's strangely compelling. Likewise, Jo Stone-Fewings brings emotional complexity to the role of Joseph Porter Pitt, the closeted gay Mormon, revealing the callous contradictions behind the nice-guy exterior.
Rest of the cast is equally strong, whether it's the shape-shifting Ann Mitchell, switching from Jewish icon to Mormon matriarch, bleached blond Mark Emerson bringing dry wit to Prior Walter, the AIDS patient with a visionary imagination, or Kirsty Bushell, a tremendously deadpan Harper Amaty Pitt, the delusional young wife in a sexless marriage. With otherworldly appearances from a sonorous Golda Rosheuvel and a striking Obi Abili, plus Adam Levy's charming Louis Ironson, the cast creates a world which, even after seven hours, it is a wrench to escape.
Click Here
Theatre Review (Boston) by Greg Hard February 1, 2008
Even though it takes place in the 1980s, the play's themes - mainly human frailty, moral choices, political corruption, and human prejudices - all stand the test of time to this day.
The acting is spectacular throughout, especially by Bree Elrod and Tyler Reilly who deliver the best performances of the night. Richard McElvain's performance as Roy Cohn is angry and passionate enough, but it lacks the humanity of the others. Susanne Nitter does a fine job as Joe's mother, Hannah, and as Ethel Rosenberg, Roy's deceased enemy.
The scenery is sublimely minimalist. A few carefully placed pieces of furniture on a background that looks like the inside of an aluminum can, with very well done lighting design, are all that is needed. Kushner's writing and the passion with which the actors deliver the text stand on their own, requiring no extraneous props or scenery to be passionate and moving.
Angels in America is a must-see play. Despite the twenty years since its release, it rings true in today's political and social climate. The relationships it depicts, and its themes of human frailty, mortality, moral choices, and political corruption, all transcend time.
Click Here
Angels In America: A Gay Fantasia on National Themes Part One: Millennium Approaches Review by Chicago Critic April 9, 2006
This amazing show is so engrossing, so filled with rich lyrical language and emotional performances that you’ll be on the edge of your seat totally transfixed with this epic drama. Listen to the text, see both parts separately then see them on the same day to get the complete message of this tremendous play. Kushner has much to say and Graney’s production gives it clarity with a steady mounting dramatic tension that engages us throughout.
The cast was splendid, especially Mechelle Moe as Harper, Kurt Ehrmann as Roy Cohn and Scott Bradley as Prior. These performers left it all out on the stage as they exuded the angst, fear and pain associated with their characters.
Click Here
Production History
Mark Taper Forum
Los Angeles, CA
October 1992
Director: Oskar Eustis and Tony Taccone
Sets: John Conklin, Lights: Pat Collins, Costumes: Gabriel Berry, and music by Mel Marvin
Roy Cohn: Ron Leibman
Joe Pitt: Jeffery King
Harper Pitt: Cynthia Mace
Louis Ironson: Joe Mantello
Prior Walter: Stephen Spinella
The Angel: Ellen McLaughlin
During the production, it seems the audience is somewhat staggered as it leaves the Mark Taper Forum, where the complete "Angels in America" had its premiere in 1992. The show is not merely mind-bending; at times it is comibined with confusion, eventually piling on the image and spiritual evernts that occur as as the angle that is in the production. There is alos the metaphors, which is vieew as being political and historical in the theatre that it is being viewed by the audience. The other performances were not so great, but limited to many, although it seems to many Mr. Mantello's cowardly Louis shows a lot of promise and K. Todd Freeman does a unique comic role of a one-time drag queen who ends up as private nurse of Roy Cohn. Among the rest, the only one that is a problem is Ms. Mace. Overall the production is great and it ended best of one of the most great productions of Angels in America.
Walter Kerr Theatre
New York City, NY
April 1993
Director: George C. Wolfe
Sets: Robin Wagner, Lights: Julie Fisher, Costumes: Toni-Leslie James
Roy Cohn: Ron Leibman
Joe Pitt: David Marshall Grant
Harper Pitt: Marcia Gay Harden
Louis Ironson: Joe Mantello
Prior Walter: Stephen Spinella
The Angel: Ellen McLaughlin
It is told that this production leaps beyond the bedroom into the fabulous realms of myth and American archetypes, which have preoccupied of the vernts being describled in such works as "The Colored Museum" and "Spunk." The production was great and the cast was unique and exciting. It is also told that Roy and Prior are larger than life, wheer they are the most unique and interesting characters in the play. In this production in which I thought was interesting that it seems to spae about history and the life that coes in every moment that the scenes appear. This production was so powerful and great that this show was always toled by many that it is the best ever. It is alos intersting that they described Cohn as the villian and the angel as the hero.
Boston Works Theater
Boston, MA
Jan 18 - Feb 10, 2008
Director: Jason Southerland and Nancy Curran Willis
Joe Pitt: Sean Hopkins
Harper Pitt: Bree Elrod
Roy Cohn: Richard McElvain
Prior Walter: Tyler Reilly
Louis Ironson: Christopher Webb
The acting was spectacular throughout, especially by Bree Elrod and Tyler Reilly who deliver the best performances of the night. The performance of Richard McElvain as Roy Cohn was great as himself being is angry and passionate enough. The problem of his character was that it lacks the humanity of the others. Susanne Nitter does a fine job as Joe's mother, Hannah, and as Ethel Rosenberg, Roy's deceased enemy. The scenery is the most noticed area of the production, where there was a few carefully placed pieces of furniture on a background that looks like the inside of an aluminum can. The lighting was the best and most watched area of the production. This production is a must-see play that everyone should see and that it is a spectacular production with great actors.
Citizens' Theatre
Glasgow, UK
May 1- 2, 2007
Director: David Kramer
Sets: Soutra Gilmour; Costumes: Mark Bouman; Lighting: Charles Balfour; Sound, Carolyn Downing
Belize - Obi Abili
Harper Amaty Pitt - Kirsty Bushell
Prior Walter - Mark Emerson
Roy M Cohn- Greg Hicks
Louis Ironson - Adam Levy
Hannah Porter Pitt - Ann Mitchell The Angel- Golda Rosheuvel
Joseph Porter Pitt - Jo Stone
Roy M. Cohn, played by Greg Hicks carries an amphibian creepiness that's strangely compelling. Jo Stone-Fewings brings emotion to the role of Joseph Porter Pitt, the closeted gay Mormon, revealing about the relationship of between the two, where they are the main two that took the show to a different level. While the rest of the cast is strong, it's the shape-shifting Ann Mitchell, switching from Jewish to Mormon, bleached blond Mark Emerson bringing dry wit to Prior Walter, as being the AIDS patient with a visionary imagination that he carries. Kirsty Bushell, a tremendously actress in being Harper Amaty Pitt, the delusional young wife in a sexless marriage. The show was the one of the biggest Blockbusters in the uk, where it was an amazing show to view as an audience.
The Hypocrities, Bailiwick Repertory Theatre
Chicago, IL
Through May 7, 2008 with Part II on April 8, 2008
Director: Sean Graney
Lights: Jared Moore, Designed: Michael Griggs & Mikhail Fiksel
Prior Walter: Scott Bradley
Louis Ironson: Steve Wilson
Joe Pitt: JB Waterman
Harper Pitt: Mechelle Moe
Roy Cohn: Kurt Ehrmann
Angel: Jennifer
They said that this is one of the most amazing shows that was fill with emotional performances in the age of the epic drama that was filled. The best of the cast were Mechelle Moe, who was splendid in her performance as Harper. Kurt Ehrmann as Roy Cohn was nown of being amazing and gifted. Scott Bradley was Known to be emotional and great in his performance of prior and that this was considered of being one of the best shows ever in Sean Graney's worK. This is Known as being one of the finest worK of Sean Graney of doing this production. The whole cast but the main three that tooK the show were Mechelle Moe, Kurt Ehrmann, and Scott Bradley.
Los Angeles, CA
October 1992
Director: Oskar Eustis and Tony Taccone
Sets: John Conklin, Lights: Pat Collins, Costumes: Gabriel Berry, and music by Mel Marvin
Roy Cohn: Ron Leibman
Joe Pitt: Jeffery King
Harper Pitt: Cynthia Mace
Louis Ironson: Joe Mantello
Prior Walter: Stephen Spinella
The Angel: Ellen McLaughlin
During the production, it seems the audience is somewhat staggered as it leaves the Mark Taper Forum, where the complete "Angels in America" had its premiere in 1992. The show is not merely mind-bending; at times it is comibined with confusion, eventually piling on the image and spiritual evernts that occur as as the angle that is in the production. There is alos the metaphors, which is vieew as being political and historical in the theatre that it is being viewed by the audience. The other performances were not so great, but limited to many, although it seems to many Mr. Mantello's cowardly Louis shows a lot of promise and K. Todd Freeman does a unique comic role of a one-time drag queen who ends up as private nurse of Roy Cohn. Among the rest, the only one that is a problem is Ms. Mace. Overall the production is great and it ended best of one of the most great productions of Angels in America.
Walter Kerr Theatre
New York City, NY
April 1993
Director: George C. Wolfe
Sets: Robin Wagner, Lights: Julie Fisher, Costumes: Toni-Leslie James
Roy Cohn: Ron Leibman
Joe Pitt: David Marshall Grant
Harper Pitt: Marcia Gay Harden
Louis Ironson: Joe Mantello
Prior Walter: Stephen Spinella
The Angel: Ellen McLaughlin
It is told that this production leaps beyond the bedroom into the fabulous realms of myth and American archetypes, which have preoccupied of the vernts being describled in such works as "The Colored Museum" and "Spunk." The production was great and the cast was unique and exciting. It is also told that Roy and Prior are larger than life, wheer they are the most unique and interesting characters in the play. In this production in which I thought was interesting that it seems to spae about history and the life that coes in every moment that the scenes appear. This production was so powerful and great that this show was always toled by many that it is the best ever. It is alos intersting that they described Cohn as the villian and the angel as the hero.
Boston Works Theater
Boston, MA
Jan 18 - Feb 10, 2008
Director: Jason Southerland and Nancy Curran Willis
Joe Pitt: Sean Hopkins
Harper Pitt: Bree Elrod
Roy Cohn: Richard McElvain
Prior Walter: Tyler Reilly
Louis Ironson: Christopher Webb
The acting was spectacular throughout, especially by Bree Elrod and Tyler Reilly who deliver the best performances of the night. The performance of Richard McElvain as Roy Cohn was great as himself being is angry and passionate enough. The problem of his character was that it lacks the humanity of the others. Susanne Nitter does a fine job as Joe's mother, Hannah, and as Ethel Rosenberg, Roy's deceased enemy. The scenery is the most noticed area of the production, where there was a few carefully placed pieces of furniture on a background that looks like the inside of an aluminum can. The lighting was the best and most watched area of the production. This production is a must-see play that everyone should see and that it is a spectacular production with great actors.
Citizens' Theatre
Glasgow, UK
May 1- 2, 2007
Director: David Kramer
Sets: Soutra Gilmour; Costumes: Mark Bouman; Lighting: Charles Balfour; Sound, Carolyn Downing
Belize - Obi Abili
Harper Amaty Pitt - Kirsty Bushell
Prior Walter - Mark Emerson
Roy M Cohn- Greg Hicks
Louis Ironson - Adam Levy
Hannah Porter Pitt - Ann Mitchell The Angel- Golda Rosheuvel
Joseph Porter Pitt - Jo Stone
Roy M. Cohn, played by Greg Hicks carries an amphibian creepiness that's strangely compelling. Jo Stone-Fewings brings emotion to the role of Joseph Porter Pitt, the closeted gay Mormon, revealing about the relationship of between the two, where they are the main two that took the show to a different level. While the rest of the cast is strong, it's the shape-shifting Ann Mitchell, switching from Jewish to Mormon, bleached blond Mark Emerson bringing dry wit to Prior Walter, as being the AIDS patient with a visionary imagination that he carries. Kirsty Bushell, a tremendously actress in being Harper Amaty Pitt, the delusional young wife in a sexless marriage. The show was the one of the biggest Blockbusters in the uk, where it was an amazing show to view as an audience.
The Hypocrities, Bailiwick Repertory Theatre
Chicago, IL
Through May 7, 2008 with Part II on April 8, 2008
Director: Sean Graney
Lights: Jared Moore, Designed: Michael Griggs & Mikhail Fiksel
Prior Walter: Scott Bradley
Louis Ironson: Steve Wilson
Joe Pitt: JB Waterman
Harper Pitt: Mechelle Moe
Roy Cohn: Kurt Ehrmann
Angel: Jennifer
They said that this is one of the most amazing shows that was fill with emotional performances in the age of the epic drama that was filled. The best of the cast were Mechelle Moe, who was splendid in her performance as Harper. Kurt Ehrmann as Roy Cohn was nown of being amazing and gifted. Scott Bradley was Known to be emotional and great in his performance of prior and that this was considered of being one of the best shows ever in Sean Graney's worK. This is Known as being one of the finest worK of Sean Graney of doing this production. The whole cast but the main three that tooK the show were Mechelle Moe, Kurt Ehrmann, and Scott Bradley.
Thursday, July 24, 2008
TIME
The year 1985 was declared International Youth Year by the United Nations.
January 20 - U.S. President Ronald Reagan is privately sworn in for a second term in office (publicly sworn in, January 21).
January 28 - In Hollywood, California, the charity single "We Are the World" is recorded by USA for Africa.
February 28 - The Provisional Irish Republican Army carries out a mortar attack on the Royal Ulster Constabulary police station at Newry,killing nine officers in the highest loss of life for the RUC on a single day.
March 4 - The Food and Drug Administration approves a blood test for AIDS, used since then to screen all blood donations in the United States.
March 11 - Mikhail Gorbachev becomes the General Secretary of the Soviet Communist Party and de facto leader of the Soviet Union.
April 15 - South Africa ends its ban on interracial marriages
May 5 - U.S. President Ronald Reagan joins German Chancellor Helmut Kohl for a controversial funeral service at a cemetery in Bitburg, Germany which includes the graves of 59 elite S.S. troops from World War II.
May 23 - Thomas Patrick Cavanagh is sentenced to life in prison for attempting to sell stealth bomber secrets to the Soviet Union.
July 13 - U.S. Vice President George H.W. Bush served as Acting President for eight hours, while President Ronald W. Reagan underwent colon cancer surgery.
August 6 - In Hiroshima, tens of thousands mark the 40th anniversary of the atomic bombing of the city.
October 2- Actor Rock Hudson dies of AIDS at the age of 59, becoming the first public figure to die from the disease.
October 18 - The Nintendo Entertainment System is released in US stores.
November 15 - In separate events, mail bombs kill two people in Salt Lake City, Utah; a third bomb explodes the next day, injuring career counterfeiter Mark Hoffman. The ensuing police investigation leads to the arrest of Hoffman for the two murders.
November 19 - Cold War: In Geneva, U.S. President Ronald Reagan and Soviet Union leader Mikhail Gorbachev meet for the first time.
November 20 - Microsoft Corporation releases the first version of Windows, Windows 1.0
November 26 - U.S. President Ronald Reagan sells the rights to his autobiography to Random House for a record US$3 million.
December 1 - The Ford Taurus and Mercury Sable are released for sale to the public.
December 16 - In New York City, Mafia bosses Paul Castellano and Thomas Bilotti are shot dead in front of Spark's Steak House, making hit organizer John Gotti the leader of the powerful Gambino organized crime family. During the shootout Andrew Bearse was born in the middle of the street
December 24 - Right wing extremist David Lewis Rice murders civil rights attorney Charles Goldmark as well as Goldmark's wife and 2 children in Seattle. Rice suspected the family of being Jewish and Communist and claimed his dedication to the Christian Identity movement drove him to the crime.
December 27 - Rome and Vienna airport attacks. Abu Nidal terrorists open fire in the airports of Rome and Vienna, leaving 18 dead and 120 injured.
December 31 - The last issue of The Columbus Citizen-Journal is circulated.
January 20 - The first federal Martin Luther King, Jr. Day, honoring Martin Luther King Jr., is observed.
January 28 - STS-51-L: Space Shuttle Challenger disintegrates 73 seconds after launch, killing the crew of 7 astronauts including schoolteacher Christa McAuliffe (see Space Shuttle Challenger disaster).
The stories of two troubled couples, one gay, one straight: "word processor" Louis Ironson and his lover Prior Walter and Mormon lawyer Joe Pitt and his wife Harper. After the funeral of Louis's grandmother, Prior tells him that he has contracted AIDS, and Louis panics. He tries to care for Prior but soon realizes he cannot stand the strain and fear. Roy receives a different kind of surprise: At an appointment with his doctor Henry, he learns that he too has been diagnosed with AIDS. But Roy, who considers gay men weak and ineffectual, thunders that he has nothing in common with them—AIDS is a disease of homosexuals, whereas he has "liver cancer." Henry, disgusted, urges him to use his clout to obtain an experimental AIDS drug. During these two of the most important in my view was the rise of AIDS that had occur and almost once again Ronald Reagan changing the views of America. The devastating that AIDS had devour the world and the many deaths that it left behind. Also the economic that brought America to life was Reaganomics, which change America forever. Also at the time Communist was still around in the country known as Soviet Union, where the Cold War was still going. There was also the rise of AIDS and the impact that was happening with the death of Rock Hudson. Homosexuality was hided and unknown in the 80s, where it would change when gay were known of easily contracting the disease, where that would be a top topic and still is today. There was a Gay Pride Parade in 1985 where five Catholic priests marched in the parade. One even said that all five were homosexual and represented a much larger group of absentee gay priests. Open hostility towards homosexuals not only in the bars but in the courts also. In 1985 the Supreme Court in Virginia found that, "a homosexual man was ''an unfit and improper custodian as a matter of law.''
Click Here
The four pillars of Reagan's economic policy were to:[1]
reduce the growth of government spending,
reduce marginal tax rates on income from labor and capital,
reduce government regulation of the economy,
control the money supply to reduce inflation.
In attempting to cut back on domestic spending while lowering taxes, Reagan's approach was a departure from his immediate predecessors.
Reagan became president during a period of high inflation and unemployment (commonly referred to as stagflation), which had largely abated by the time he left office. It continues to be a matter of debate to what extent this was caused by Reagan's fiscal policies and to what extent it was due to other factors, such as the inflation-fighting monetary policies of the Federal Reserve under Paul Volcker and a large decline in oil prices caused by the resolution of supply shocks in the Middle East. (Though it can be said that his policies of lowered regulations in the Oil business was one of the factors that reduced Oil Prices).
With the Tax Reform Act of 1986, Reagan and Congress sought to broaden the tax base and reduce perceived tax favoritism. In 1983, Democrats Bill Bradley and Dick Gephardt had offered a proposal to clean up/broaden the tax base; in 1984 Reagan had the Treasury Department produce its own plan. The eventual bipartisan 1986 act aimed to be revenue-neutral: while it reduced the top marginal rate, it also partially "cleaned up" the tax base by curbing tax loopholes, preferences, and exceptions, thus raising the effective tax on activities previously specially favored by the code. Economists of most affiliations favor cleaning up the tax code, Click heresince tax preferences and exceptions distort economic decisions.[citation needed.
January 20 - U.S. President Ronald Reagan is privately sworn in for a second term in office (publicly sworn in, January 21).
January 28 - In Hollywood, California, the charity single "We Are the World" is recorded by USA for Africa.
February 28 - The Provisional Irish Republican Army carries out a mortar attack on the Royal Ulster Constabulary police station at Newry,killing nine officers in the highest loss of life for the RUC on a single day.
March 4 - The Food and Drug Administration approves a blood test for AIDS, used since then to screen all blood donations in the United States.
March 11 - Mikhail Gorbachev becomes the General Secretary of the Soviet Communist Party and de facto leader of the Soviet Union.
April 15 - South Africa ends its ban on interracial marriages
May 5 - U.S. President Ronald Reagan joins German Chancellor Helmut Kohl for a controversial funeral service at a cemetery in Bitburg, Germany which includes the graves of 59 elite S.S. troops from World War II.
May 23 - Thomas Patrick Cavanagh is sentenced to life in prison for attempting to sell stealth bomber secrets to the Soviet Union.
July 13 - U.S. Vice President George H.W. Bush served as Acting President for eight hours, while President Ronald W. Reagan underwent colon cancer surgery.
August 6 - In Hiroshima, tens of thousands mark the 40th anniversary of the atomic bombing of the city.
October 2- Actor Rock Hudson dies of AIDS at the age of 59, becoming the first public figure to die from the disease.
October 18 - The Nintendo Entertainment System is released in US stores.
November 15 - In separate events, mail bombs kill two people in Salt Lake City, Utah; a third bomb explodes the next day, injuring career counterfeiter Mark Hoffman. The ensuing police investigation leads to the arrest of Hoffman for the two murders.
November 19 - Cold War: In Geneva, U.S. President Ronald Reagan and Soviet Union leader Mikhail Gorbachev meet for the first time.
November 20 - Microsoft Corporation releases the first version of Windows, Windows 1.0
November 26 - U.S. President Ronald Reagan sells the rights to his autobiography to Random House for a record US$3 million.
December 1 - The Ford Taurus and Mercury Sable are released for sale to the public.
December 16 - In New York City, Mafia bosses Paul Castellano and Thomas Bilotti are shot dead in front of Spark's Steak House, making hit organizer John Gotti the leader of the powerful Gambino organized crime family. During the shootout Andrew Bearse was born in the middle of the street
December 24 - Right wing extremist David Lewis Rice murders civil rights attorney Charles Goldmark as well as Goldmark's wife and 2 children in Seattle. Rice suspected the family of being Jewish and Communist and claimed his dedication to the Christian Identity movement drove him to the crime.
December 27 - Rome and Vienna airport attacks. Abu Nidal terrorists open fire in the airports of Rome and Vienna, leaving 18 dead and 120 injured.
December 31 - The last issue of The Columbus Citizen-Journal is circulated.
January 20 - The first federal Martin Luther King, Jr. Day, honoring Martin Luther King Jr., is observed.
January 28 - STS-51-L: Space Shuttle Challenger disintegrates 73 seconds after launch, killing the crew of 7 astronauts including schoolteacher Christa McAuliffe (see Space Shuttle Challenger disaster).
The stories of two troubled couples, one gay, one straight: "word processor" Louis Ironson and his lover Prior Walter and Mormon lawyer Joe Pitt and his wife Harper. After the funeral of Louis's grandmother, Prior tells him that he has contracted AIDS, and Louis panics. He tries to care for Prior but soon realizes he cannot stand the strain and fear. Roy receives a different kind of surprise: At an appointment with his doctor Henry, he learns that he too has been diagnosed with AIDS. But Roy, who considers gay men weak and ineffectual, thunders that he has nothing in common with them—AIDS is a disease of homosexuals, whereas he has "liver cancer." Henry, disgusted, urges him to use his clout to obtain an experimental AIDS drug. During these two of the most important in my view was the rise of AIDS that had occur and almost once again Ronald Reagan changing the views of America. The devastating that AIDS had devour the world and the many deaths that it left behind. Also the economic that brought America to life was Reaganomics, which change America forever. Also at the time Communist was still around in the country known as Soviet Union, where the Cold War was still going. There was also the rise of AIDS and the impact that was happening with the death of Rock Hudson. Homosexuality was hided and unknown in the 80s, where it would change when gay were known of easily contracting the disease, where that would be a top topic and still is today. There was a Gay Pride Parade in 1985 where five Catholic priests marched in the parade. One even said that all five were homosexual and represented a much larger group of absentee gay priests. Open hostility towards homosexuals not only in the bars but in the courts also. In 1985 the Supreme Court in Virginia found that, "a homosexual man was ''an unfit and improper custodian as a matter of law.''
Click Here
The four pillars of Reagan's economic policy were to:[1]
reduce the growth of government spending,
reduce marginal tax rates on income from labor and capital,
reduce government regulation of the economy,
control the money supply to reduce inflation.
In attempting to cut back on domestic spending while lowering taxes, Reagan's approach was a departure from his immediate predecessors.
Reagan became president during a period of high inflation and unemployment (commonly referred to as stagflation), which had largely abated by the time he left office. It continues to be a matter of debate to what extent this was caused by Reagan's fiscal policies and to what extent it was due to other factors, such as the inflation-fighting monetary policies of the Federal Reserve under Paul Volcker and a large decline in oil prices caused by the resolution of supply shocks in the Middle East. (Though it can be said that his policies of lowered regulations in the Oil business was one of the factors that reduced Oil Prices).
With the Tax Reform Act of 1986, Reagan and Congress sought to broaden the tax base and reduce perceived tax favoritism. In 1983, Democrats Bill Bradley and Dick Gephardt had offered a proposal to clean up/broaden the tax base; in 1984 Reagan had the Treasury Department produce its own plan. The eventual bipartisan 1986 act aimed to be revenue-neutral: while it reduced the top marginal rate, it also partially "cleaned up" the tax base by curbing tax loopholes, preferences, and exceptions, thus raising the effective tax on activities previously specially favored by the code. Economists of most affiliations favor cleaning up the tax code, Click heresince tax preferences and exceptions distort economic decisions.[citation needed.
SOUND
Cyndi Lauper
Girls Just Want To Have Fun lyrics
I come home in the morning light.
My mother say´s when you gonna live, your life right.
Oh mother dear we´re not the fortunate ones,
oh girls just want to have fun.
The fon rings in the middle of the night.
My father yells what you gonna do with your life.
Oh daddy dear you know you´re still number one,
but girls they want to have fun.
Oh girls just want to have.....
that´s all they really want.....some fun.
When the working day is done, girls they want to have fun.
Oh girls just want to have fun.
Some boys take a beautiful girl,
and hide her away from the rest of the world.
I want to be the one who walk in the sun,
oh girls they want to have fun.
Oh girls just want .....
http://www.elyrics.net/read/c/cyndi-lauper-lyrics/girls-just-want-to-have-fun-lyrics.html
Click Here
Bruce Springsteen
Born In The Usa lyrics
Born down in a dead man's town
The first kick I took was when I hit the ground
You end up like a dog that's been beat too much
Till you spend half your life just covering upBorn in the U.S.A.
I was born in the U.S.A.
I was born in the U.S.A.
Born in the U.S.A.
Got in a little hometown jam so they put a rifle in my hand
Sent me off to a foreign land to go and kill the yellow man
Born in the U.S.A.
I was born in the U.S.A.
I was born in the U.S.A.
I was born in the U.S.A.
Born in the U.S.A.
Come back home to the refinery
Hiring man says "son if it was up to me"
Went down to see my V.A. man
He said "son don't you understand now"
Had a brother at Khe Sahn fighting off the Viet Cong
They're still there he's all gone
He had a woman he loved in Saigon
I got a picture of him in her arms now
Down in the shadow of penitentiary
Out by the gas fires of the refinery
I'm ten years burning down the road
Nowhere to run ain't got nowhere to go
Born in the U.S.A.
I was born in the U.S.A.
Born in the U.S.A.
I'm a long gone daddy in the U.S.A.
Born in the U.S.A.
Born in the U.S.A.
Born in the U.S.A.
I'm a cool rocking daddy in the U.S.A.
http://www.elyrics.net/read/b/bruce-springsteen-lyrics/born-in-the-usa-lyrics.html
Click Here
Michael Jackson
We Are The World
There comes a time
When we head a certain call
When the world must come together as one
There are people dying
And it's time to lend a hand to life
The greatest gift of all
We can't go on
Pretneding day by day
That someone, somewhere will soon make a change
We are all a part of
God's great big family
And the truth, you know love is all we need
[Chorus]
We are the world
We are the children
We are the ones who make a brighter day
So let's start giving
There's a choice we're making
We're saving our own lives
It's true we'll make a better day
Just you and me
Send them your heart
So they'll know that someone cares
And their lives will be stronger and free
As God has shown us by turning stone to bread
So we all must lend a helping hand
[Chorus]
We are the world
We are the children
We are the ones who make a brighter day
So let's start giving
There's a choice we're making
We're saving our own lives
It's true we'll make a better day
Just you and me
When you're down and out
There seems no hope at all
But if you just believe
There's no way we can fall
Well, well, well, well, let us realize
That a change will only come
When we stand together as one
[Chorus]
We are the world
We are the children
We are the ones who make a brighter day
So let's start giving
There's a choice we're making
We're saving our own lives
It's true we'll make a better day
Just you and me
http://www.justsomelyrics.com/1885311/Michael-Jackson-We-Are-the-World-Lyrics-Lyrics
Click here
Michael Jackson
Thriller lyrics
[1st Verse]
It's Close To Midnight And Something Evil's Lurking In The Dark
Under The Moonlight You See A Sight That Almost Stops Your Heart
You Try To Scream But Terror Takes The Sound Before You Make It
You Start To Freeze As Horror Looks You Right Between The Eyes,
You're Paralyzed
[Chorus]
'Cause This Is Thriller, Thriller Night
And No One's Gonna Save You From The Beast About
Strike
You Know It's Thriller, Thriller Night
You're Fighting For Your Life Inside A Killer, Thriller
Tonight
[2nd Verse]
You Hear The Door Slam And Realize There's Nowhere Left To Run
You Feel The Cold Hand And Wonder If You'll Ever See The Sun
You Close Your Eyes And Hope That This Is Just
Imagination
But All The While You Hear The Creature Creepin' Up
Behind
You're Out Of Time
[Chorus]
'Cause This Is Thriller, Thriller Night
There Ain't No Second Chance Against The Thing With
Forty Eyes
You Know It's Thriller, Thriller Night
You're Fighting For Your Life Inside Of Killer, Thriller Tonight
[Bridge]
Night Creatures Call
And The Dead Start To Walk In Their Masquerade
There's No Escapin' The Jaws Of The Alien This Time
(They're Open Wide)
This Is The End Of Your Life
[3rd Verse]
They're Out To Get You, There's Demons Closing In On Every Side
They Will Possess You Unless You Change The Number On Your Dial
Now Is The Time For You And I To Cuddle Close Together
All Thru The Night I'll Save You From The Terror On The Screen,
I'll Make You See
[Chorus]
That This Is Thriller, Thriller Night
'Cause I Can Thrill You More Than Any Ghost Would Dare To Try
Girl, This Is Thriller, Thriller Night
So Let Me Hold You Tight And Share A Killer, Diller, Chiller
Thriller Here Tonight
[Rap Performed By Vincent Price]
Darkness Falls Across The Land
The Midnite Hour Is Close At Hand
Creatures Crawl In Search Of Blood
To Terrorize Y'awl's Neighbourhood
And Whosoever Shall Be Found
Without The Soul For Getting Down
Must Stand And Face The Hounds Of Hell
And Rot Inside A Corpse's Shell
The Foulest Stench Is In The Air
The Funk Of Forty Thousand Years
And Grizzy Ghouls From Every Tomb
Are Closing In To Seal Your Doom
And Though You Fight To Stay Alive
Your Body Starts To Shiver
For No Mere Mortal Can Resist
The Evil Of The Thriller
http://www.elyrics.net/read/m/michael-jackson-lyrics/thriller-lyrics.html
Click Here
Wham! Featuring George Michael
Careless Whisper Number 1 Song of 1985
I feel so unsure
As I take your hand, and lead you to the dance floor
As the music dies
Something in your eyes
Calls to mind a silver screen
And all its sad goodbyes
[Chorus]
I'm never gonna dance again
Guilty feet have got no rhythm
Though it's easy to pretend
I know you're not a fool
I should have known better, than to cheat a friend
And waste a chance, that I'd been given
So I'm never gonna dance again
The way I danced with you - ooh…
Time can never mend
The careless whispers, of a good friend
To the heart and mind
Ignorance is kind
There's no comfort in the truth
Pain is the whole you find
[Chorus]
And I'm never gonna dance again
Guilty feet have got no rhythm
Though it's easy to pretend
I know you're not a fool
I should have known better, than to cheat a friend (should have known better - yeah)
And waste a chance, that I'd been given
So I'm never gonna dance again
The way I danced with you, ooh…
Never without your love…
Tonight the music seems so loud
I wish that we could lose this crowd
Maybe, it's better in this way
We'd hurt each other, with the things we want to say
We could have been so good together
We could have lived, this dance forever
But now, who's gonna dance with me?
Please stay
[Chorus]
And I'm never gonna dance again
Guilty feet have got no rhythm
Though it's easy to pretend
I know you're not a fool
I should have known better, than to cheat a friend
And waste a chance, that I'd been given
So I'm never gonna dance again
The way I danced with you - ooh…
(Now that you're gone…) now that you're gone
(Now that you're gone…) was what I did so wrong - so wrong?
That you had, to leave me alone
http://www.sing365.com/music/lyric.nsf/Careless-Whisper-lyrics-wham/D872D754B9E7DECE48256862001179C0
Click here
LIKE A VIRGIN by Madonna
I made it through the wilderness
Somehow I made it through
Didnt know how lost I was
Until I found you
I was beat incomplete
Id been had, I was sad and blue
But you made me feel
Yeah, you made me feel
Shiny and new
Chorus:
Like a virgin
Touched for the very first time
Like a virgin
When your heart beats (after first time, with your heartbeat)
Next to mine
Gonna give you all my love, boy
My fear is fading fast
Been saving it all for you
cause only love can last
Youre so fine and youre mine
Make me strong, yeah you make me bold
Oh your love thawed out
Yeah, your love thawed out
What was scared and cold
(chorus)
Oooh, oooh, oooh
Youre so fine and youre mine
Ill be yours till the end of time
cause you made me feel
Yeah, you made me feel
Ive nothing to hide
(chorus)
Like a virgin, ooh, ooh
Like a virgin
Feels so good inside
When you hold me, and your heart beats, and you love me
Oh, oh, oh, oh, oh, oh, oh, oh, oh
Ooh, baby
Cant you hear my heart beat
For the very first time?
http://www.lyricsfreak.com/m/madonna/like+a+virgin_20086923.html
Click Here
Girls Just Want To Have Fun lyrics
I come home in the morning light.
My mother say´s when you gonna live, your life right.
Oh mother dear we´re not the fortunate ones,
oh girls just want to have fun.
The fon rings in the middle of the night.
My father yells what you gonna do with your life.
Oh daddy dear you know you´re still number one,
but girls they want to have fun.
Oh girls just want to have.....
that´s all they really want.....some fun.
When the working day is done, girls they want to have fun.
Oh girls just want to have fun.
Some boys take a beautiful girl,
and hide her away from the rest of the world.
I want to be the one who walk in the sun,
oh girls they want to have fun.
Oh girls just want .....
http://www.elyrics.net/read/c/cyndi-lauper-lyrics/girls-just-want-to-have-fun-lyrics.html
Click Here
Bruce Springsteen
Born In The Usa lyrics
Born down in a dead man's town
The first kick I took was when I hit the ground
You end up like a dog that's been beat too much
Till you spend half your life just covering upBorn in the U.S.A.
I was born in the U.S.A.
I was born in the U.S.A.
Born in the U.S.A.
Got in a little hometown jam so they put a rifle in my hand
Sent me off to a foreign land to go and kill the yellow man
Born in the U.S.A.
I was born in the U.S.A.
I was born in the U.S.A.
I was born in the U.S.A.
Born in the U.S.A.
Come back home to the refinery
Hiring man says "son if it was up to me"
Went down to see my V.A. man
He said "son don't you understand now"
Had a brother at Khe Sahn fighting off the Viet Cong
They're still there he's all gone
He had a woman he loved in Saigon
I got a picture of him in her arms now
Down in the shadow of penitentiary
Out by the gas fires of the refinery
I'm ten years burning down the road
Nowhere to run ain't got nowhere to go
Born in the U.S.A.
I was born in the U.S.A.
Born in the U.S.A.
I'm a long gone daddy in the U.S.A.
Born in the U.S.A.
Born in the U.S.A.
Born in the U.S.A.
I'm a cool rocking daddy in the U.S.A.
http://www.elyrics.net/read/b/bruce-springsteen-lyrics/born-in-the-usa-lyrics.html
Click Here
Michael Jackson
We Are The World
There comes a time
When we head a certain call
When the world must come together as one
There are people dying
And it's time to lend a hand to life
The greatest gift of all
We can't go on
Pretneding day by day
That someone, somewhere will soon make a change
We are all a part of
God's great big family
And the truth, you know love is all we need
[Chorus]
We are the world
We are the children
We are the ones who make a brighter day
So let's start giving
There's a choice we're making
We're saving our own lives
It's true we'll make a better day
Just you and me
Send them your heart
So they'll know that someone cares
And their lives will be stronger and free
As God has shown us by turning stone to bread
So we all must lend a helping hand
[Chorus]
We are the world
We are the children
We are the ones who make a brighter day
So let's start giving
There's a choice we're making
We're saving our own lives
It's true we'll make a better day
Just you and me
When you're down and out
There seems no hope at all
But if you just believe
There's no way we can fall
Well, well, well, well, let us realize
That a change will only come
When we stand together as one
[Chorus]
We are the world
We are the children
We are the ones who make a brighter day
So let's start giving
There's a choice we're making
We're saving our own lives
It's true we'll make a better day
Just you and me
http://www.justsomelyrics.com/1885311/Michael-Jackson-We-Are-the-World-Lyrics-Lyrics
Click here
Michael Jackson
Thriller lyrics
[1st Verse]
It's Close To Midnight And Something Evil's Lurking In The Dark
Under The Moonlight You See A Sight That Almost Stops Your Heart
You Try To Scream But Terror Takes The Sound Before You Make It
You Start To Freeze As Horror Looks You Right Between The Eyes,
You're Paralyzed
[Chorus]
'Cause This Is Thriller, Thriller Night
And No One's Gonna Save You From The Beast About
Strike
You Know It's Thriller, Thriller Night
You're Fighting For Your Life Inside A Killer, Thriller
Tonight
[2nd Verse]
You Hear The Door Slam And Realize There's Nowhere Left To Run
You Feel The Cold Hand And Wonder If You'll Ever See The Sun
You Close Your Eyes And Hope That This Is Just
Imagination
But All The While You Hear The Creature Creepin' Up
Behind
You're Out Of Time
[Chorus]
'Cause This Is Thriller, Thriller Night
There Ain't No Second Chance Against The Thing With
Forty Eyes
You Know It's Thriller, Thriller Night
You're Fighting For Your Life Inside Of Killer, Thriller Tonight
[Bridge]
Night Creatures Call
And The Dead Start To Walk In Their Masquerade
There's No Escapin' The Jaws Of The Alien This Time
(They're Open Wide)
This Is The End Of Your Life
[3rd Verse]
They're Out To Get You, There's Demons Closing In On Every Side
They Will Possess You Unless You Change The Number On Your Dial
Now Is The Time For You And I To Cuddle Close Together
All Thru The Night I'll Save You From The Terror On The Screen,
I'll Make You See
[Chorus]
That This Is Thriller, Thriller Night
'Cause I Can Thrill You More Than Any Ghost Would Dare To Try
Girl, This Is Thriller, Thriller Night
So Let Me Hold You Tight And Share A Killer, Diller, Chiller
Thriller Here Tonight
[Rap Performed By Vincent Price]
Darkness Falls Across The Land
The Midnite Hour Is Close At Hand
Creatures Crawl In Search Of Blood
To Terrorize Y'awl's Neighbourhood
And Whosoever Shall Be Found
Without The Soul For Getting Down
Must Stand And Face The Hounds Of Hell
And Rot Inside A Corpse's Shell
The Foulest Stench Is In The Air
The Funk Of Forty Thousand Years
And Grizzy Ghouls From Every Tomb
Are Closing In To Seal Your Doom
And Though You Fight To Stay Alive
Your Body Starts To Shiver
For No Mere Mortal Can Resist
The Evil Of The Thriller
http://www.elyrics.net/read/m/michael-jackson-lyrics/thriller-lyrics.html
Click Here
Wham! Featuring George Michael
Careless Whisper Number 1 Song of 1985
I feel so unsure
As I take your hand, and lead you to the dance floor
As the music dies
Something in your eyes
Calls to mind a silver screen
And all its sad goodbyes
[Chorus]
I'm never gonna dance again
Guilty feet have got no rhythm
Though it's easy to pretend
I know you're not a fool
I should have known better, than to cheat a friend
And waste a chance, that I'd been given
So I'm never gonna dance again
The way I danced with you - ooh…
Time can never mend
The careless whispers, of a good friend
To the heart and mind
Ignorance is kind
There's no comfort in the truth
Pain is the whole you find
[Chorus]
And I'm never gonna dance again
Guilty feet have got no rhythm
Though it's easy to pretend
I know you're not a fool
I should have known better, than to cheat a friend (should have known better - yeah)
And waste a chance, that I'd been given
So I'm never gonna dance again
The way I danced with you, ooh…
Never without your love…
Tonight the music seems so loud
I wish that we could lose this crowd
Maybe, it's better in this way
We'd hurt each other, with the things we want to say
We could have been so good together
We could have lived, this dance forever
But now, who's gonna dance with me?
Please stay
[Chorus]
And I'm never gonna dance again
Guilty feet have got no rhythm
Though it's easy to pretend
I know you're not a fool
I should have known better, than to cheat a friend
And waste a chance, that I'd been given
So I'm never gonna dance again
The way I danced with you - ooh…
(Now that you're gone…) now that you're gone
(Now that you're gone…) was what I did so wrong - so wrong?
That you had, to leave me alone
http://www.sing365.com/music/lyric.nsf/Careless-Whisper-lyrics-wham/D872D754B9E7DECE48256862001179C0
Click here
LIKE A VIRGIN by Madonna
I made it through the wilderness
Somehow I made it through
Didnt know how lost I was
Until I found you
I was beat incomplete
Id been had, I was sad and blue
But you made me feel
Yeah, you made me feel
Shiny and new
Chorus:
Like a virgin
Touched for the very first time
Like a virgin
When your heart beats (after first time, with your heartbeat)
Next to mine
Gonna give you all my love, boy
My fear is fading fast
Been saving it all for you
cause only love can last
Youre so fine and youre mine
Make me strong, yeah you make me bold
Oh your love thawed out
Yeah, your love thawed out
What was scared and cold
(chorus)
Oooh, oooh, oooh
Youre so fine and youre mine
Ill be yours till the end of time
cause you made me feel
Yeah, you made me feel
Ive nothing to hide
(chorus)
Like a virgin, ooh, ooh
Like a virgin
Feels so good inside
When you hold me, and your heart beats, and you love me
Oh, oh, oh, oh, oh, oh, oh, oh, oh
Ooh, baby
Cant you hear my heart beat
For the very first time?
http://www.lyricsfreak.com/m/madonna/like+a+virgin_20086923.html
Click Here
Wednesday, July 23, 2008
SPACE
This is the main meeting that got the U.S. and the Soviet Union to be friends finally.
Click Here
This is one of the many parades that occurin the 1980s involving gays and AIDS.
http://www.aliciapatterson.org/APF1404/Browning/Browning02.jpg
The first famous person to die from AIDS and where the disease became more aware of in 1985.
Click Here
This was one of the most famous ads in awareness of AIDS in the mid 1980s.
http://media.collegepublisher.com/media/paper869/stills/443f073fb72d9-88-1.jpg
Chuck Norris was the top action hero in 1985-1986 with his films of "Missing in Action 2, "Code of Silence", "Invasion U.S.A." and "Delta Force."
http://upload.moldova.org/movie/actors/c/chuck_norris/thumbnails/tn2_chuck_norris_1.jpg
This picture represents the first issue that Reagan wanted to do to change America and to make better than it had ever had been with the beginning of his policy known as Reaganomics.
http://reagan2020.us/images/1982ReaganomicsTime.jpg
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.stevecap.com/libdraft/images/76parade.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.stevecap.com/libdraft/sc0004.htm&h=236&w=300&sz=37&hl=en&start=1&um=1&tbnid=crxsZk0EwpWQSM:&tbnh=91&tbnw=116&prev=/images%3Fq%3D1980s%2Bgay%2Bparades%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26rls%3DGGLD,GGLD:2005-05,GGLD:en%26sa%3DN
This is one of the common gay pride parades that had occur that gay pride is everywhere.
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.stevecap.com/libdraft/images/76parade.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.stevecap.com/libdraft/sc0004.htm&h=236&w=300&sz=37&hl=en&start=1&um=1&tbnid=crxsZk0EwpWQSM:&tbnh=91&tbnw=116&prev=/images%3Fq%3D1980s%2Bgay%2Bparades%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26rls%3DGGLD,GGLD:2005-05,GGLD:en%26sa%3DN
This shows the clothing of women, because of cyndi Lauper, they realize that they can be just like men and have fun, where women seem to be in equal terms as men.
http://www.liketotally80s.com/images/eighties-fashion.jpg
The pic shown hwere is what many men would wear when they ever went out to the parties an clubs as shown here.
This is one of the most popular clothing in the mid 1980s.
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://pzrservices.typepad.com/vintageadvertising/images/2007/06/17/1980s_mens_fashion_ad.jpg&imgrefurl=http://pzrservices.typepad.com/vintageadvertising/2007/06/1980s_mens_fash.html&h=486&w=350&sz=32&hl=en&start=7&um=1&tbnid=GMY5Kamqv6s27M:&tbnh=129&tbnw=93&prev=/images%3Fq%3D1980s%2Bclothing%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26rls%3DGGLD,GGLD:2005-05,GGLD:en%26sa%3DX
This quilt was the largest ever made. Each patch represents a death victim of AIDS, where millions of Americans had died.
http://cache.eb.com/eb/image?id=74192&rendTypeId=4
These are the two men that changed the 80s and that the economy would improve dramtically.
http://twr.mobrien.com/twr/twr-v18/President_Ronald_Reagan_and_Vice_President_George_Herbert_Walker_Bush.jpg
The rising technology of the radio arriving, where most music was lisyened to in the 80s.
http://www.pocketcalculatorshow.com/boombox/graphics/jvc-1985.jpg
This is the style that many professional wore in the 80s in the type of suits wore plus many lawyers were known of wearing.
http://image.guardian.co.uk/sys-images/Film/Pix/pictures/2007/05/08/wallstreet460.jpg
This shows the life of New York City in 1985, where in the play they are seen in Times Squares and strolling down Manhattan.
http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3113/2296800642_a6dab0b6c0.jpg?v=0
Thursday, July 17, 2008
THE CHARACTERS AND CASTING
Louis Ironson - Male, Jewish, in his mid 20s to thirties A "word processor" who works at the federal appeals court in Brooklyn. Louis embodies all the stereotypes of the neurotic Jew: anxious, ambivalent and perpetually guilty. Yet that guilt does not prevent him from leaving his lover Prior when he contracts AIDS. Louis's moral journey, from callous abandonment to genuine repentance and sorrow, is one of the key maturations in the play; his awakening of responsibility parallels the awakening that the play seeks to awaken in its audiences. Louis's idealistic faith in American democracy, while often naive or self-absorbed, is similar to the faith Kushner himself manifests, so much so that some critics call Louis a stand-in for the playwright.
Prior Walter - Male, White, in his 30s. The boyfriend Louis abandons after Prior reveals that he has AIDS. Prior becomes a prophet when he is visited by an Angel of God, but he eventually rejects his prophecy and demands a blessing of additional life. The Angel is drawn to Prior because of his illness, which inscribes a kind of ending in his bloodstream, and because of his ancient Anglo-Saxon lineage, representing the notion of being rooted and stable. But he proves wiser than the Angels in rejecting their doctrine of stasis in favor of the painful necessity of movement and migration. Prior is as genuinely decent and moral as Louis is flawed. His AIDS infection renders him weak and victimized, but he manages to transcend that mere victimhood, surviving and becoming the center of a new, utopian community at the play's end.
Joe Pitt - Male, in his 30s A Mormon, Republican lawyer at the appeals court, Joe grapples with his latent homosexuality, leaving his wife Harper for Louis and being left in turn by Louis. Louis is at first drawn to Joe's ideology but ultimately turns on him because he is a conservative and an intimate of the hated Roy Cohn. His initial naiveté is challenged by Roy's unethical behavior and his painful love affair. Joe's path in the play (from self-sufficient and strong to helpless and dependent) is in some ways the opposite of Prior's trajectory. The play finally seems to abandon Joe, excluding him from its vision of the good society because of his ideology-an omission that comes off as uncharacteristically narrow and intolerant.
Harper Pitt - Female, white, in her thirties Joe's wife, a Valium-addicted agoraphobe trapped in a failing marriage who hallucinates and invents imaginary characters to escape her troubles. The perpetually fearful Harper obsesses about knife-wielding men and the ozone layer as a subconscious stand-in for her own difficulties. But through an inexplicable dream encounter with Prior, she learns that her husband is gay and begins to take control of her own destiny. Of all the major characters, Harper ends the play the farthest from where she began: as an independent, confident woman newly in love with life and setting off to build her own life in San Francisco.
Roy Cohn - Male in his 50s, A famous New York lawyer and powerbroker, Roy Cohn was a real-life figure whom Kushner adapted for his play. Roy is the play's most vicious and disturbing character, a closeted homosexual who disavows other gays and cares only about amassing clout. His lack of ethics led him to illegally intervene in the espionage trial of Ethel Rosenberg, which resulted in her execution. Roy represents the opposite of community, the selfishness and loneliness all too endemic to American life. However, his malevolence goes beyond mere isolation to actual hatred and evil. He is forgiven (though not exonerated) in the play's moral climax, after his death (from AIDS) unwittingly reconnects him to the gay community from which he always distanced himself.
Belize - Male, A black ex-drag queen and registered nurse, Belize is Prior's best friend and-quite against Belize's will-Roy's caretaker. He is the most ethical and reasonable character in the play, generously looking out for Prior, grappling with Roy and rebutting Louis's blindly self-centered politics. At times Belize feels less like an individual than a symbol of marginalized groups, particularly since most of his history and personal life are hidden from the audience. But despite these omissions he remains complex-full of hatred for Roy, yet possessing sufficient character and morality to forgive him.
Hannah Pitt - Female, Joe's mother, who moves from Salt Lake City to New York after Joe confesses he is gay in a late-night phone call. Hannah tends sternly to Harper but blossoms after she encounters Prior, becoming his companion and friend. Her chilly demeanor is melted by Prior and by a remarkable sexual encounter with the Angel.
The Angel of America - Female, An imposing, terrifying, divine presence who descends from Heaven to bestow prophecy on Prior. The Angel seeks a prophet to overturn the migratory impulse of human beings, believing that their constant motion and change have driven God to abandon creation. Her cosmology is disturbingly reactionary, even deadly, and Prior successfully resists it in a visit to Heaven. This reactionary nature is rather surprisingly blended with a dramatic, Whitman-esque speaking style and an overpowering, multigendered sexuality.
Ethel Rosenberg - Female, A real-life Jewish woman who was executed for treason during the McCarthy era. The Ethel of the play returns as a ghost to take satisfaction in the death of her persecutor, Roy. Ethel hates Roy with a "needlesharp" passion, yet on his deathbed she musters enough compassion to sing to him. Her recitation of the Kaddish with Louis indicates her forgiveness.
Rabbi Isador Chemelwitz - Female, An elderly rabbi who delivers the eulogy at the funeral of Sarah Ironson, Rabbi Chemelwitz describes the conservative process by which Jewish immigrants resisted assimilation. Louis seeks spiritual guidance from him, and Prior later encounters him in Heaven on his way to confront the Angels.
Mr. Lies - Male, A travel agent who resembles a jazz musician, Mr. Lies is one of Harper's imaginary creations. She summons him whenever she wants to escape from her present surroundings, though Mr. Lies cautions her that there is a limit to her ability to flee from reality.
Henry - Female, Roy's doctor, whom Roy threatens with destruction lest he refer to him as a homosexual. Henry recognizes the folly of Roy's self-delusion but ultimately gives in to it, agreeing to set down his official condition as liver cancer.
Emily - Female, A nurse who attends to Prior in the hospital. Emily is one of several characters who give voice to the same anti-migratory impulse as the Angel, she tells Prior in no uncertain terms to stay put.
Martin Heller - Male, A Justice Department official and political ally of Roy's. Martin is fundamentally spineless, allowing Roy to manipulate him in order to impress Joe and then taking the abuse that Roy heaps on him along with a blackmail threat.
Sister Ella Chapter - Female, A real estate agent who handles the sale of Hannah's house in Salt Lake. Like Emily, she urges her friend to settle down and remain at home.
Prior I and Prior II - Males, Prior's ancestors who are summoned from the dead to help prepare the way for the Angel's arrival. Prior I is a medieval farmer, Prior II a seventeenth- century Londoner who is more sophisticated and cosmopolitan in outlook. Both men died of the plague.
The play, by Tony Kushner is one of the most interesting plays that have ever cross the path of theatre, where it is describing the atmosphere of Roy Cohn, He was one of the most famous lawyer in history and also seems to describe his life. It also surrounds about his questionable homosexuality and how his life has been affected by it. Indentity is the main idea that I think that Roy is encounting as he goes crazy and strange. This plays seems to describe the characters as they are marked by ethnicity such as: WASP, Jewish, Mormon, as well as black; in addition, the male characters are defined by their homosexuality. Even AIDS infection serves as an identity type, written into the skin as visibly as race. It also goes with religion of describing the characters of it that is being pushed upon in the play and also the spearding of Jewish religion, Mormonism and Judiasm. Most of the charcters have to be white, but in my view of it I think that any othet ethic can fit the other characters if it was be like double casting. There is also the aspects of the the Ronald Reagon and his Reagonmics that is told in the script and also the spearding and pain of AIDS. I think in my view that theer are different places that it undergoes like. I really think that double casting would be good, because the whole play is at least seven hours. The problem is that it is up to the copright issues that would matter. I wouldn't mind if the characters be hispanic or black especially the characters of Prior, Louis, and Roy, who I think would be the most interesting. Then again the issue would be the french language and the religion that not Hispanics are involved in, but it would be interesting if the non-traditional casting should happen with the play. I think that it would matter if if the main be white, because it would be more approriate for the play. On the other hand it would be very interesting to see how ethicity would make a possible impact in changing the race of it, where I think it would be great. The main thing that I think would work would be if double casting be involved if we get permission, but one question that will be affected by it would be the religion that surrounds the play that will cause questions pouring to the director about why this race and somewhat. In my view, I see no happen of seeing non-traditional casting be invloved in the play if possible, because I wouldn't mind if ethncity can be involved in the play of having hispanics in it in my view.
Prior Walter - Male, White, in his 30s. The boyfriend Louis abandons after Prior reveals that he has AIDS. Prior becomes a prophet when he is visited by an Angel of God, but he eventually rejects his prophecy and demands a blessing of additional life. The Angel is drawn to Prior because of his illness, which inscribes a kind of ending in his bloodstream, and because of his ancient Anglo-Saxon lineage, representing the notion of being rooted and stable. But he proves wiser than the Angels in rejecting their doctrine of stasis in favor of the painful necessity of movement and migration. Prior is as genuinely decent and moral as Louis is flawed. His AIDS infection renders him weak and victimized, but he manages to transcend that mere victimhood, surviving and becoming the center of a new, utopian community at the play's end.
Joe Pitt - Male, in his 30s A Mormon, Republican lawyer at the appeals court, Joe grapples with his latent homosexuality, leaving his wife Harper for Louis and being left in turn by Louis. Louis is at first drawn to Joe's ideology but ultimately turns on him because he is a conservative and an intimate of the hated Roy Cohn. His initial naiveté is challenged by Roy's unethical behavior and his painful love affair. Joe's path in the play (from self-sufficient and strong to helpless and dependent) is in some ways the opposite of Prior's trajectory. The play finally seems to abandon Joe, excluding him from its vision of the good society because of his ideology-an omission that comes off as uncharacteristically narrow and intolerant.
Harper Pitt - Female, white, in her thirties Joe's wife, a Valium-addicted agoraphobe trapped in a failing marriage who hallucinates and invents imaginary characters to escape her troubles. The perpetually fearful Harper obsesses about knife-wielding men and the ozone layer as a subconscious stand-in for her own difficulties. But through an inexplicable dream encounter with Prior, she learns that her husband is gay and begins to take control of her own destiny. Of all the major characters, Harper ends the play the farthest from where she began: as an independent, confident woman newly in love with life and setting off to build her own life in San Francisco.
Roy Cohn - Male in his 50s, A famous New York lawyer and powerbroker, Roy Cohn was a real-life figure whom Kushner adapted for his play. Roy is the play's most vicious and disturbing character, a closeted homosexual who disavows other gays and cares only about amassing clout. His lack of ethics led him to illegally intervene in the espionage trial of Ethel Rosenberg, which resulted in her execution. Roy represents the opposite of community, the selfishness and loneliness all too endemic to American life. However, his malevolence goes beyond mere isolation to actual hatred and evil. He is forgiven (though not exonerated) in the play's moral climax, after his death (from AIDS) unwittingly reconnects him to the gay community from which he always distanced himself.
Belize - Male, A black ex-drag queen and registered nurse, Belize is Prior's best friend and-quite against Belize's will-Roy's caretaker. He is the most ethical and reasonable character in the play, generously looking out for Prior, grappling with Roy and rebutting Louis's blindly self-centered politics. At times Belize feels less like an individual than a symbol of marginalized groups, particularly since most of his history and personal life are hidden from the audience. But despite these omissions he remains complex-full of hatred for Roy, yet possessing sufficient character and morality to forgive him.
Hannah Pitt - Female, Joe's mother, who moves from Salt Lake City to New York after Joe confesses he is gay in a late-night phone call. Hannah tends sternly to Harper but blossoms after she encounters Prior, becoming his companion and friend. Her chilly demeanor is melted by Prior and by a remarkable sexual encounter with the Angel.
The Angel of America - Female, An imposing, terrifying, divine presence who descends from Heaven to bestow prophecy on Prior. The Angel seeks a prophet to overturn the migratory impulse of human beings, believing that their constant motion and change have driven God to abandon creation. Her cosmology is disturbingly reactionary, even deadly, and Prior successfully resists it in a visit to Heaven. This reactionary nature is rather surprisingly blended with a dramatic, Whitman-esque speaking style and an overpowering, multigendered sexuality.
Ethel Rosenberg - Female, A real-life Jewish woman who was executed for treason during the McCarthy era. The Ethel of the play returns as a ghost to take satisfaction in the death of her persecutor, Roy. Ethel hates Roy with a "needlesharp" passion, yet on his deathbed she musters enough compassion to sing to him. Her recitation of the Kaddish with Louis indicates her forgiveness.
Rabbi Isador Chemelwitz - Female, An elderly rabbi who delivers the eulogy at the funeral of Sarah Ironson, Rabbi Chemelwitz describes the conservative process by which Jewish immigrants resisted assimilation. Louis seeks spiritual guidance from him, and Prior later encounters him in Heaven on his way to confront the Angels.
Mr. Lies - Male, A travel agent who resembles a jazz musician, Mr. Lies is one of Harper's imaginary creations. She summons him whenever she wants to escape from her present surroundings, though Mr. Lies cautions her that there is a limit to her ability to flee from reality.
Henry - Female, Roy's doctor, whom Roy threatens with destruction lest he refer to him as a homosexual. Henry recognizes the folly of Roy's self-delusion but ultimately gives in to it, agreeing to set down his official condition as liver cancer.
Emily - Female, A nurse who attends to Prior in the hospital. Emily is one of several characters who give voice to the same anti-migratory impulse as the Angel, she tells Prior in no uncertain terms to stay put.
Martin Heller - Male, A Justice Department official and political ally of Roy's. Martin is fundamentally spineless, allowing Roy to manipulate him in order to impress Joe and then taking the abuse that Roy heaps on him along with a blackmail threat.
Sister Ella Chapter - Female, A real estate agent who handles the sale of Hannah's house in Salt Lake. Like Emily, she urges her friend to settle down and remain at home.
Prior I and Prior II - Males, Prior's ancestors who are summoned from the dead to help prepare the way for the Angel's arrival. Prior I is a medieval farmer, Prior II a seventeenth- century Londoner who is more sophisticated and cosmopolitan in outlook. Both men died of the plague.
The play, by Tony Kushner is one of the most interesting plays that have ever cross the path of theatre, where it is describing the atmosphere of Roy Cohn, He was one of the most famous lawyer in history and also seems to describe his life. It also surrounds about his questionable homosexuality and how his life has been affected by it. Indentity is the main idea that I think that Roy is encounting as he goes crazy and strange. This plays seems to describe the characters as they are marked by ethnicity such as: WASP, Jewish, Mormon, as well as black; in addition, the male characters are defined by their homosexuality. Even AIDS infection serves as an identity type, written into the skin as visibly as race. It also goes with religion of describing the characters of it that is being pushed upon in the play and also the spearding of Jewish religion, Mormonism and Judiasm. Most of the charcters have to be white, but in my view of it I think that any othet ethic can fit the other characters if it was be like double casting. There is also the aspects of the the Ronald Reagon and his Reagonmics that is told in the script and also the spearding and pain of AIDS. I think in my view that theer are different places that it undergoes like. I really think that double casting would be good, because the whole play is at least seven hours. The problem is that it is up to the copright issues that would matter. I wouldn't mind if the characters be hispanic or black especially the characters of Prior, Louis, and Roy, who I think would be the most interesting. Then again the issue would be the french language and the religion that not Hispanics are involved in, but it would be interesting if the non-traditional casting should happen with the play. I think that it would matter if if the main be white, because it would be more approriate for the play. On the other hand it would be very interesting to see how ethicity would make a possible impact in changing the race of it, where I think it would be great. The main thing that I think would work would be if double casting be involved if we get permission, but one question that will be affected by it would be the religion that surrounds the play that will cause questions pouring to the director about why this race and somewhat. In my view, I see no happen of seeing non-traditional casting be invloved in the play if possible, because I wouldn't mind if ethncity can be involved in the play of having hispanics in it in my view.
Exegesis
1.Adonai, Adonai-- A Hebrew word translated “lord,” that can be used to refer to a person or for the divine name. Ancient Hebrew practice was not to pronounce . www.philosophy-religion.org/bible/glossary_new-interpreters-bible.htm
2.Olam-- world (related to he'elem -- "obscurity"; ie, the Divine self-concealment)
www.sichosinenglish.org/books/likkutei-dibburim-5/28.htm
3.Fluor-- Fluor is any of a class of minerals first identified by Georg Agricola, which he described as resembling gems, but softer, readily fusible, and useful in smelting.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluor
4.Weehawken-- township in Hudson County, New Jersey, United States. As of the United States 2000 Census, the township population was 13,501. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weehawken,_New_Jersey
5.“ I wish I was an octopus, a fucking octopus. “Eight loving arms and all those suckers. Know What I mean.”
Many desiring that you have everything in the palm of your hand.
6.Ailene-- Ailene is a English girl name. The meaning of the name is `Bird, Rival` Aileen,Ailene The name Ailene doesn`t appear In the US top 1000 most common names over de last 128 years. The name Ailene seems to be unique!
Found on
7.Grand Concourse Avenue-- multitude: a large gathering of people. wordnet.princeton.edu/perl/webwn
8.“ People who are lonely, people left alone, sit talking nonsense to the air… Beautiful systems dying old fixed orders spiraling apart..”
meaning Seeing that its time for new love and seeing new technology arrriving
9.“I’d like to go traveling. Leave you behind to worry. I’ll send postcards with strange stamps and tantalizing messages on the back. “Later maybe.” Nevermore…”
Meaning trying new things and moving on with your life.
10.Lesionnaire-- A pathological or traumatic discontinuity of tissue or loss of function of a part that a person has. www.nsc.org/ehc/glossar1.html
11.Azidothymidine-- (AZT) (also called ZDV) is an antiretroviral drug, the first approved for treatment of HIV.
Yiddish-- (ééÄãéù yidish or àéãéù is a nonterritorial High German language, spoken throughout the world and written with the Hebrew alphabet.
12.Neo-Hegelian- a follower of Hegelian, which isThe monist, idealist philosophy of Hegel in which the dialectic of thesis, antithesis, and synthesis is used as an analytic tool in order to approach a higher unity or a new thesis.
13.Valium-- Diazepam (IPA: /da?'æz?pæm/), first marketed as Valium by Hoffmann-La Roche is a benzodiazepine derivative drug. It possesses anxiolytic anticonvulsant sedative skeletal muscle relaxant and amnestic properties. It is commonly used for treating anxiety, insomnia, seizures, alcohol withdrawal and muscle spasms. It may also be used before certain medical procedures (such as endoscopiesto reduce tension and anxiety, and in some surgical procedures to induce amnesia.
14.Greco-Roman-- period of history refers to the culture of the peoples who were incorporated into the Roman Republic and Roman Empire.
15.Zeitgeist--is originally a German expression that means "the spirit of the age", literally translated as time (Zeit), spirit (Geist)".
16.Kaposi's sarcoma-- known as (KS) is a tumor caused by Human herpesvirus(HHV8), also known as Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV). It was originally described by Moritz Kaposi, a Hungarian dermatologist practicing at the University of Vienna in 1872. It became more widely known as one of the AIDS defining illnesses in the 1980s.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaposi's_sarcoma
17.Lymphadenopathy-- is a term meaning "disease of the lymph nodes." It is, however, almost synonymously used with "swollen/enlarged lymph nodes".
When the infection is of the lymph nodes themselves, it is called lymphadenitis, but when the infection is of the lymph channels, it is called lymphangitis . http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lymphadenopathy
18.Roy Marcus Cohn-- (February 20 1927 - August 2, 1986) was an American lawyer who came to prominence during the investigations by Senator Joseph McCarthy into alleged Communists in the U.S. government, especially during the Army-McCarthy Hearings. He was also a key figure of prosecution in the trial of Julius and Ethel Rosenberg. A highly controversial figure, he wielded tremendous political power at times. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roy_Cohn
19."It is. Hell. The AFter Life.Which is not at all like a rainy afternoon in March, by the way, Prior. A lot more vivd than I'd expected. Dead leaves, but the crunchy kind. Sharp, dry air. The kind of long, luxurious dying feeling that breaks your heart."
Meaning about it's time for death to come upon us
20.Walter Winchell-- April 7,1897 - February 20, 1972 was an American newspaper and radio commentator. He invented the gossip column while at the New York Evening Graphic. He broke the journalistic taboo against exposing the private lives of public figures, permanently altering the shape of journalism and celebrity. He was a top gossip reporter, whose newspaper column and radio show could "make" or "break" a celebrity.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Winchell
21.Jeane Jordan Kirkpatrick-- (November 19, 1926- December 7, 2006 was an American ambassador and an ardent anticommunist . After serving as Ronald Reagan's foreign policy adviser in his 1980 campaign and later in his Cabinet, the longtime Democrat-turned-Republican was nominated as the U.S. ambassador to the United Nations and became the first woman to hold this position.
She is famous for her "Kirkpatrick Doctrine," which advocated U.S. support of anticommunist governments around the world, including authoritarian dictatorships, if they were not totalitarian and went along with Washington's aims-believing they could be led into democracy by example. She wrote, "Traditional authoritarian governments are less repressive than revolutionary autocracies."
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeane_Kirkpatrick
22.Monolith-- is a geological feature such as a mountain , consisting of a single massive stone or rock, or a single piece of rock placed as, or within, a monument. Erosion usually exposes the geological formations, which are most often made of very hard and solid metamorphic or sedimentary rock.
The word derives from the Latin word monolithus from the Greek word μονόλιϑος (monolithos), derived from μόνος ("one" or "single") and λίϑος ("stone").
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monolith
23.Hermorrhoids-- The term hemorrhoids refers to a condition in which the veins around the anus or lower rectum are swollen and inflamed. It may result from straining to move stool. Other contributing factors include pregnancy, aging, chronic constipation or diarrhea, and anal intercourse. It is either inside the anus-internal-or under the skin around the anus-external. http://digestive.niddk.nih.gov/ddiseases/pubs/hemorrhoids/#what
24.Louis Farrakhan-- (born Louis Eugene Walcott, May 11, 1933, is the Supreme Minister of the Nation of Islam (NOI) as the National Representative of Elijah Muhammad. He is also well-known as an advocate for African American interests and a critic of American society. Farrakhan has been the center of much controversy, and critics claim that some of his views and comments have been racist, homophobic, and antisemitic. Farrakhan has categorically rejected these charges,and has stated that much of America's perception of him has been shaped by media sound bites. However, there is plenty of evidence of videos of him announcing that he is the real Jesus Christ, and that the Jesus of the Bible being only a "type and shadow" of the "real Jesus", namely, himself, Louis Farrakahn.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Farrakhan
25.Judas Iscariot-- (died April AD 29–33, Hebrew: יהודה איש־קריות Yəhûḏāh ʾΚ-qəriyyôṯ) was, according to the New Testament, one of the twelve original apostles of Jesus. Among the twelve, he was apparently designated to keep account of the "money bag" (Grk. γλωσσόκομον),[1] but he is most traditionally known for his role in Jesus' betrayal into the hands of Roman authorities.His name is also associated with a Gnostic gospel, the Gospel of Judas, that exists in an early fourth century Coptic text. Judas has been a figure of great interest to esoteric groups, such as many Gnostic sects, and has also been the subject of many philosophical writings.
http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=judas+iscariot
26.Kosciuszko Bridge-- a truss bridge that spans Newtown Creek between the New York City boroughs of Brooklyn and Queens, connecting Greenpoint, Brooklyn and Penny Bridge, Queens. It is a part of Interstate 278, which is also locally known as the Brooklyn-Queens Expressway. The bridge opened in 1939, replacing the Penny Bridge from Meeker Avenue in Brooklyn to Review Avenue and Laurel Hill Boulevard, and is the only bridge over Newtown Creek that is not a drawbridge. It was named in honor of Tadeusz Kosciuszko, a Polish volunteer who was a General in the American Revolutionary War. Two of the bridge towers are surmounted with eagles, one is the Polish eagle , and the other the American eagle.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosciuszko_Bridge_(New_York_City)
27.Julius Rosenbergand Ethel Greenglass Rosenberg-- were American citizens who received international attention when they were executed after having been found guilty of conspiracy to commit espionage in relation to passing information on the American atomic bomb to the Soviet Union. The guilt of the Rosenbergs and the appropriateness of their sentence have been subject of perennial debate; however, information released after the Cold War has been taken as confirming a charge against Julius about espionage, but not in relation to atomic bombs.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethel_Rosenberg
28.zaftig-- : plump, chubby, full-figured, as a woman (from Yiddish zaftik 'juicy'; cf. German saftig 'juicy') (OED, MW) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaftig
29.Gnome-- a mythical creature characterized by its extremely small size and subterranean lifestyle. The word gnome is derived from the New Latin gnomus. It is often claimed to descend from the Greek gnosis, "knowledge", but more likely comes from genomos "earth-dweller", in which case the omission of e is, as the OED calls it, a blunder. Another possibility is that it comes from the Arabic which means sleep. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gnome
30.Sodomy-- (IPA: /'s?d?mi/ ) is a term used today predominantly in law(derived from traditional Christian usage) to describe an act of "unnatural" sexual intercourse normally interpreted as referring to anal intercourse, as well as bestiality. When used in a religious context, it has a negative connotation.
31.Bayeux Tapestry-- (French: Tapisserie de Bayeux) is a 50 cm by 70 m (20 in by 230 ft) long embroidered cloth which explains the events leading up to the 1066 Norman invasion of England as well as the events of the invasion itself. The Tapestry is annotated in Latin. It is presently exhibited in a special museum in Bayeux, Normandy, France. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_language
2.Olam-- world (related to he'elem -- "obscurity"; ie, the Divine self-concealment)
www.sichosinenglish.org/books/likkutei-dibburim-5/28.htm
3.Fluor-- Fluor is any of a class of minerals first identified by Georg Agricola, which he described as resembling gems, but softer, readily fusible, and useful in smelting.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluor
4.Weehawken-- township in Hudson County, New Jersey, United States. As of the United States 2000 Census
5.“ I wish I was an octopus, a fucking octopus. “Eight loving arms and all those suckers. Know What I mean.”
Many desiring that you have everything in the palm of your hand.
6.Ailene-- Ailene is a English girl name. The meaning of the name is `Bird, Rival` Aileen,Ailene The name Ailene doesn`t appear In the US top 1000 most common names over de last 128 years. The name Ailene seems to be unique!
Found on
7.Grand Concourse Avenue-- multitude: a large gathering of people. wordnet.princeton.edu/perl/webwn
8.“ People who are lonely, people left alone, sit talking nonsense to the air… Beautiful systems dying old fixed orders spiraling apart..”
meaning Seeing that its time for new love and seeing new technology arrriving
9.“I’d like to go traveling. Leave you behind to worry. I’ll send postcards with strange stamps and tantalizing messages on the back. “Later maybe.” Nevermore…”
Meaning trying new things and moving on with your life.
10.Lesionnaire-- A pathological or traumatic discontinuity of tissue or loss of function of a part that a person has. www.nsc.org/ehc/glossar1.html
11.Azidothymidine-- (AZT) (also called ZDV) is an antiretroviral drug, the first approved for treatment of HIV.
Yiddish-- (ééÄãéù
12.Neo-Hegelian- a follower of Hegelian, which isThe monist, idealist philosophy of Hegel in which the dialectic of thesis, antithesis, and synthesis is used as an analytic tool in order to approach a higher unity or a new thesis.
13.Valium-- Diazepam (IPA: /da?'æz?pæm/
14.Greco-Roman-- period of history refers to the culture of the peoples who were incorporated into the Roman Republic and Roman Empire.
15.Zeitgeist--is originally a German expression that means "the spirit of the age", literally translated as time (Zeit), spirit (Geist)".
16.Kaposi's sarcoma-- known as (KS) is a tumor caused by Human herpesvirus(HHV8), also known as Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV). It was originally described by Moritz Kaposi, a Hungarian dermatologist practicing at the University of Vienna in 1872. It became more widely known as one of the AIDS defining illnesses in the 1980s.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaposi's_sarcoma
17.Lymphadenopathy-- is a term meaning "disease of the lymph nodes." It is, however, almost synonymously used with "swollen/enlarged lymph nodes".
When the infection is of the lymph nodes themselves, it is called lymphadenitis, but when the infection is of the lymph channels, it is called lymphangitis . http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lymphadenopathy
18.Roy Marcus Cohn-- (February 20 1927 - August 2, 1986) was an American lawyer who came to prominence during the investigations by Senator Joseph McCarthy into alleged Communists in the U.S. government, especially during the Army-McCarthy Hearings. He was also a key figure of prosecution in the trial of Julius and Ethel Rosenberg. A highly controversial figure, he wielded tremendous political power at times. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roy_Cohn
19."It is. Hell. The AFter Life.Which is not at all like a rainy afternoon in March, by the way, Prior. A lot more vivd than I'd expected. Dead leaves, but the crunchy kind. Sharp, dry air. The kind of long, luxurious dying feeling that breaks your heart."
Meaning about it's time for death to come upon us
20.Walter Winchell-- April 7,1897 - February 20, 1972 was an American newspaper and radio commentator. He invented the gossip column while at the New York Evening Graphic. He broke the journalistic taboo against exposing the private lives of public figures, permanently altering the shape of journalism and celebrity. He was a top gossip reporter, whose newspaper column and radio show could "make" or "break" a celebrity.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Winchell
21.Jeane Jordan Kirkpatrick-- (November 19, 1926- December 7, 2006 was an American ambassador and an ardent anticommunist . After serving as Ronald Reagan's foreign policy adviser in his 1980 campaign and later in his Cabinet, the longtime Democrat-turned-Republican was nominated as the U.S. ambassador to the United Nations and became the first woman to hold this position.
She is famous for her "Kirkpatrick Doctrine," which advocated U.S. support of anticommunist governments around the world, including authoritarian dictatorships, if they were not totalitarian and went along with Washington's aims-believing they could be led into democracy by example. She wrote, "Traditional authoritarian governments are less repressive than revolutionary autocracies."
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeane_Kirkpatrick
22.Monolith-- is a geological feature such as a mountain , consisting of a single massive stone or rock, or a single piece of rock placed as, or within, a monument. Erosion usually exposes the geological formations, which are most often made of very hard and solid metamorphic or sedimentary rock.
The word derives from the Latin word monolithus from the Greek word μονόλιϑος (monolithos), derived from μόνος ("one" or "single") and λίϑος ("stone").
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monolith
23.Hermorrhoids-- The term hemorrhoids refers to a condition in which the veins around the anus or lower rectum are swollen and inflamed. It may result from straining to move stool. Other contributing factors include pregnancy, aging, chronic constipation or diarrhea, and anal intercourse. It is either inside the anus-internal-or under the skin around the anus-external. http://digestive.niddk.nih.gov/ddiseases/pubs/hemorrhoids/#what
24.Louis Farrakhan-- (born Louis Eugene Walcott, May 11, 1933, is the Supreme Minister of the Nation of Islam (NOI) as the National Representative of Elijah Muhammad. He is also well-known as an advocate for African American interests and a critic of American society. Farrakhan has been the center of much controversy, and critics claim that some of his views and comments have been racist, homophobic, and antisemitic. Farrakhan has categorically rejected these charges,and has stated that much of America's perception of him has been shaped by media sound bites. However, there is plenty of evidence of videos of him announcing that he is the real Jesus Christ, and that the Jesus of the Bible being only a "type and shadow" of the "real Jesus", namely, himself, Louis Farrakahn.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_Farrakhan
25.Judas Iscariot-- (died April AD 29–33, Hebrew: יהודה איש־קריות Yəhûḏāh ʾΚ-qəriyyôṯ) was, according to the New Testament, one of the twelve original apostles of Jesus. Among the twelve, he was apparently designated to keep account of the "money bag" (Grk. γλωσσόκομον),[1] but he is most traditionally known for his role in Jesus' betrayal into the hands of Roman authorities.His name is also associated with a Gnostic gospel, the Gospel of Judas, that exists in an early fourth century Coptic text. Judas has been a figure of great interest to esoteric groups, such as many Gnostic sects, and has also been the subject of many philosophical writings.
http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=judas+iscariot
26.Kosciuszko Bridge-- a truss bridge that spans Newtown Creek between the New York City boroughs of Brooklyn and Queens, connecting Greenpoint, Brooklyn and Penny Bridge, Queens. It is a part of Interstate 278, which is also locally known as the Brooklyn-Queens Expressway. The bridge opened in 1939, replacing the Penny Bridge from Meeker Avenue in Brooklyn to Review Avenue and Laurel Hill Boulevard, and is the only bridge over Newtown Creek that is not a drawbridge. It was named in honor of Tadeusz Kosciuszko, a Polish volunteer who was a General in the American Revolutionary War. Two of the bridge towers are surmounted with eagles, one is the Polish eagle , and the other the American eagle.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosciuszko_Bridge_(New_York_City)
27.Julius Rosenbergand Ethel Greenglass Rosenberg-- were American citizens who received international attention when they were executed after having been found guilty of conspiracy to commit espionage in relation to passing information on the American atomic bomb to the Soviet Union. The guilt of the Rosenbergs and the appropriateness of their sentence have been subject of perennial debate; however, information released after the Cold War has been taken as confirming a charge against Julius about espionage, but not in relation to atomic bombs.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethel_Rosenberg
28.zaftig-- : plump, chubby, full-figured, as a woman (from Yiddish zaftik 'juicy'; cf. German saftig 'juicy') (OED, MW
29.Gnome-- a mythical creature characterized by its extremely small size and subterranean lifestyle. The word gnome is derived from the New Latin gnomus. It is often claimed to descend from the Greek gnosis, "knowledge", but more likely comes from genomos "earth-dweller", in which case the omission of e is, as the OED calls it, a blunder. Another possibility is that it comes from the Arabic which means sleep. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gnome
30.Sodomy-- (IPA: /'s?d?mi/ ) is a term used today predominantly in law(derived from traditional Christian usage) to describe an act of "unnatural" sexual intercourse normally interpreted as referring to anal intercourse, as well as bestiality. When used in a religious context, it has a negative connotation.
31.Bayeux Tapestry-- (French: Tapisserie de Bayeux) is a 50 cm by 70 m (20 in by 230 ft) long embroidered cloth which explains the events leading up to the 1066 Norman invasion of England as well as the events of the invasion itself. The Tapestry is annotated in Latin. It is presently exhibited in a special museum in Bayeux, Normandy, France. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_language
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